In this paper, we address the use of the extrinsic information generated by each component decoder in an iterative decoding process. The algorithm proposed by Bahl et al. (BCJR) and the soft-output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) are considered as component decoders. In both cases, we consider, in a unified view, various feedback schemes which use the extrinsic information in different fashions. Numer...

The Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is an important process which assures inexpensive organization of vast size of raw sequence data set over any traditional sequencing systems or methods. Various aspects of NGS like template preparation, sequencing imaging and genome alignment and assembly outlines the genome sequencing and alignment .Consequently, deBruijn Graph (dBG) is an important mathema...

Small-world networks are abundant in nature and society, describing such diverse systems as the World Wide Web, communication networks or the neuronal network of the worm C.elegans. In the past ten years, many small-world network models have been proposed in both probabilistic and deterministic fashions. In this letter, we propose a new deterministic small-world model by simply extending triang...

We compare the survival of new domestic and foreign owned firms. We analyze the determinants of the survival of new firms and investigate whether foreigness accounts for significant differences in the survival of new foreign and new domestic firms. We find survival to be determined by ownership advantages, size and growth strategies, the internal organization of firms, and by industry character...

The effect of 16α-bromoepiandrosterone (EpiBr), a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) analogue, was tested on the cysticerci of Taenia solium, both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro treatment of T. solium cultures with EpiBr reduced scolex evagination, growth, motility, and viability in dose- and time-dependent fashions. Administration of EpiBr prior to infection with T. solium cysticerci in hamsters re...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, (C(13)H(13)IN)[Ni(C(6)H(4)S(2))(2)], contains half each of two centrosymmetric anions and a single cation in a general position. In the anions, the Ni(III) ions are surrounded by four S atoms in a distorted square-planar geometry. In the crystal, the anions exhibit two different packing modes by stacking along the a axis in face-to-face and side-by-sid...

This paper describes a highly effective two-semester client-oriented team-based approach in which students get their first “real” research and development experience in a carefully guided environment that fashions theory into product. Examples used describe how a problem space in mobile devices can be scoped to design tenable software solutions and then how to build one of these designs into wh...

The expression of protein-coding genes is enhanced by the exquisite coupling of transcription by RNA polymerase II with pre-messenger RNA processing reactions, such as 5'-end capping, splicing and 3'-end formation. Integration between cotranscriptional processing events extends beyond the nucleus, as proteins that bind cotranscriptionally can affect the localization, translation and degradation...

Markets can show di€erent types of dynamics, from quiet markets dominated by one or few products, to markets with constant penetration of new and reintroduced products. This paper explores the dynamics of markets from a psychological perspective using a multi-agent simulation model. The behavioural rules of the arti®cial consumers, the consumats, are based on a conceptual meta-theory from psych...

Mesenchymal cell types, under mesenchymal-epithelial interaction, are involved in tissue regeneration. Here we show that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), subcutaneous preadipocytes, and dermal fibroblasts distinctively caused keratinocytes to promote epidermal regeneration, using a skin reconstruction model by their coculture with keratinocytes. Three mesenchymal cell types promoted the survi...