BACKGROUND Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a common traditional practice in developing nations including Ethiopia. It poses complex and serious long-term health risks for women and girls and can lead to death. In Ethiopia, the geographic distribution and factors associated with FGM practices are poorly understood. Therefore, we assessed the spatial distribution and factors associated with FG...

This work involves the design optimization of metal–ceramic through thickness functionally graded material (FGM) plates subjected to thermomechanical loadings. Constrained was performed for minimum mass and cost FGM plates. The process plate structures requires a good choice metal ceramic materials adequate definition components volume fractions direction in order accomplish certain structural ...

In this paper, the free vibration characteristics of Sigmoid Functionally Graded Material (S-FGM) Levy-type plates are investigated by developing Dynamic Stiffness Method (DSM) through application Wittrick-Williams algorithm, as solution technique. Kirchoff-Love Plate Theory (KLPT) and Hamilton principle utilised to derive governing equation motion associated natural boundary conditions. Based ...

In the following paper, free vibration analysis of two directional FGM circular nano-plate on the elastic medium is investigated. The elastic modulus of plate varies in both radial and thickness directions. Eringen’s theory was employed to the analysis of circular nano-plate with variation in material properties. Simultaneous variations of the material properties in the radial and transverse di...

This article discusses the results of a literature review that has assessed the impact of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) legislation in 28 countries (27 in Africa and Yemen) where FGM is concentrated. Evidence on the impact of FGM legislation was available on prevalence of FGM; changes in societal attitudes and perceptions of FGM; knowledge and awareness of FGM legislation and consequences, an...

The issue of whether medical practitioners should perform "ritual nicks" as a method of meeting demand for female genital mutilation (FGM) has recently been debated in the United States and Australia. Due to increasing numbers of people arriving and settling in Australia from African nations in which FGM is customary, demand for FGM in Australia is present and may be increasing. Australian law ...

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is almost always performed on children and consequently paediatricians should have a central role in the detection and prevention of FGM. FGM has no health benefits and can cause lifelong damage to physical and psychological health. Extensive migration of FGM practising communities means that FGM is now a global problem. Paediatricians worldwide need to be famili...

The usefulness of theoretical research results in design depends to a large extent upon their generality and simplicity. For this reason, closed-form solutions are presented in this paper for a number of plate bending problems, these being: (1) a sector cut from an annular plate, loaded along its straight edges; and (2) a semi-infinite plate or a circular plate subjected to concentrated moments...

Free asymmetric transverse vibration of a polar orthotropic thin annular plate with parabolically varying thickness in radial direction have been computed on the basis of classical plate theory considering both the peripheries of the plate elastically restrained against translation and rotation. The fourth order linear differential equation with variable coefficients governing the motion in the...

Nigeria, due to its large population, has the highest absolute number of female genital mutilation (FGM) worldwide, accounting for about one-quarter of the estimated 115-130 million circumcised women in the world. The objective of this review is to ascertain the current status of FGM in Nigeria. Pertinent literature on FGM retrieved from internet services [Google search on FGM in Nigeria, www.o...