objectives: to investigate the effectiveness of resiliency training in improving the mother-child relationship between mothers and their children with mental retardation.  methods: this study employed an experimental design (pre-test, post-test) with the control group. the statistical population consisted of 52 mothers and their educable and mentally retarded children (3-12 years old) who were ...

Despite the increased emphasis on chronic non-communicable diseases, there are notable deficits about nutrition education in many medicine training programs particularly gastroenterology fellowship programs. In the present cross-sectional study, we examined the nutritional knowledge related to clinical nutrition among Iranian gastroenterology fellows. Thirty-six gastroenterology fellows current...

Cholera is among the re-emerging diseases in Kenya. Beginning in December 2014, a persistent outbreak occurred involving 29 out of the 47 countries. Homa Bay County in Western Kenya was among the first counties to report cholera cases from January to April 2015. This case study is based on an outbreak investigation conducted by FELTP residents in Homa Bay County in February 2015. It simulates a...

The laboratory plays a major role in surveillance, including confirming the start and end of an outbreak. Knowing the causative agent for an outbreak informs the development of response strategies and management plans for a public health event. However, issues and challenges may arise that limit the effectiveness or efficiency of laboratories in surveillance. This case study applies a systemati...

Studying the effect of drugs on humans, clinical pharmacologists play an essential role in many academic medical and research teams, within the pharmaceutical industry and as members of government regulatory entities. Clinical pharmacology fellowship training programs should be multidisciplinary and adaptable, and should combine didactics, applied learning, independent study, and one-on-one ins...

BACKGROUND Evidence is mounting that environmental exposures contribute to causation of disease in children. Yet few pediatricians are trained to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease of environmental origin. OBJECTIVES To develop a cadre of future leaders in pediatric environmental health (PEH), the Ambulatory Pediatric Association (APA) launched a new 3-year fellowship in 2001-the world's fir...

BACKGROUND No studies have been reported on how strength, agility, and flexibility training reduce the occurrence of hamstring injuries in sprinters. Therefore, a program for preventing hamstring injury in these athletes has not been established. PURPOSE To document the incidence of hamstring injuries during times when different prevention strategies were employed to see whether a particular ...

Enhanced competency training is becoming an increasingly prominent aspect of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) emergency medicine (EM) program. Defined loosely as additional training in an area relevant to the practice of EM, the enhanced competency training pursued by Canadian EM residents can include accredited subspecialty fellowships such as intensive care or pe...