Cloze tests, also known as gap-fill exercises, are a popular tool for acquiring and evaluating language proficiency. A major challenge in the way of automating scoring of cloze tests is the yet unsolved problem of gap filler ambiguity. To address this challenge, we present the concept of bundled gap filling, along with (1) an efficient computational model for automatically generating unambiguou...

1 Filler/gap constructions: two approaches Historically, filler/gap constructions such as those in (1) have been approached two ways:1 (1) a. THAT book, you should purchase . b. Which book does Leslie think you should purchase ? c. This is the book which Leslie told me she thinks I should purchase . Transformational approaches posit a sequence of representations in which the filler is initially...

The present study examines whether children reactivate a moved constituent at its gap position and how children's more limited working memory span affects the way they process filler-gap dependencies. 46 5-7 year-old children and 54 adult controls participated in a cross-modal picture priming experiment and underwent a standardized working memory test. The results revealed a statistically signi...

BACKGROUND The computational grammatical complexity (CGC) hypothesis claims that children with G(rammatical)-specific language impairment (SLI) have a domain-specific deficit in the computational system affecting syntactic dependencies involving 'movement'. One type of such syntactic dependencies is filler-gap dependencies. In contrast, the Generalized Slowing Hypothesis claims that SLI childre...

Citation Wee, Daehyun et al. " Effects of filling in CoSb[subscript 3] : Local structure, band gap, and phonons from first principles. " Physical Review B 81.4 (2010): 045204. Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Pl...

This paper compares transformation-based and constraint-based treatments of unbounded filler-gap dependencies, the latter specifically as articulated in terms of HPSG, and argues, contrary to the commonly made allegations of ‘notational variance’, that there is purely empirical evidence that is consistent with only the constraint-based account. Recent proposals to deal with parasitic gaps in te...

In this paper, we claim that the filler-gap linkage in Korean UDCs needs to be handled at the level of syntax and that unbounded dependencies represented by traces, resumptive pronouns, and resumptive reflexives in Korean can be simply captured without posing any extra mechanisms in the traditional HPSG analysis of UDCs following Pollard and Sag (1994). It is because in HPSG traces are not all ...

Filler-gap dependencies make strong demands on working memory in language comprehension because they cannot always be immediately resolved. In a series of three reading-time studies, we test the idea that these demands can be decomposed into active maintenance processes and retrieval events. Results indicate that the fact that a displaced phrase exists and the identity of its basic syntactic ca...