There exist several important empirical and theoretical issues in dealing with English wh-questions. Among these are syntactic connectivity between the wh-filler and its putative gap, so-called that-trace effect, and constraints in the formation of infinitival wh-questions. Many attempts have been made to account for these, but few succeeded in obtaining satisfactory support. This paper offers ...

An investigation on bridging larger welding gaps between workpieces occurring in practice due to structural requirements or to defects in weld edge preparation is described. Some characteristic cases from practice where a larger root gap should be bridged or the space between two or three workpieces should be filled with a greater quantity of filler material are described. Submerged-arc welding...

Within the tradition of generative grammar, filler-gap constructions and especially island constraints (Ross 1967) have played a crucial role in shaping the grammar and in arguing for a rich system of innate constraints that are specific to language. The existence of island phenomena has given rise to such principles as `Subjacency' (1), `Superiority' (2) (commonly recast as `Attract Closest') ...

Skutterudite materials have been considered as promising thermoelectric candidates due to intrinsically good electrical conductivity and tailorable thermal conductivity. Options for improving thermal-to-electrical conversion efficiency include identifying novel materials, adding filler atoms, and substitutional dopants. Incorporating filler or substitutional dopant atoms in the skutterudite com...

Canopy gaps are one of the most important structural features of forest ecosystems, and studying of them can have useful results and implications for forest management. The aim of this study is investigation of characteristics and regeneration within canopy gaps in an intact beech stand in the Shastkalateh Experimental Forest of Hyrcanian region, north of Iran. All canopy gaps and related fores...

Laser welding has a large potential for the production of tailor welded blanks in the automotive industry, due to the low heat input and deep penetration. However, due to the small laser spot and melt pool, laser-based welding processes in general have a low tolerance for seam gaps. In this paper, five laserbased welding techniques are compared for their gap bridging capabilities: single-spot l...

Both laser-arc hybrid welding and narrow gap welding have potential for the fabrication of thick sections, but their combination has been seldom studied. In this research, 40 mm thick mild steel was welded by narrow gap laser-arc hybrid welding. A weld with smooth layer transition, free of visible defects, was obtained by nine passes at a 6 mm width narrow gap. The lower part of the weld has th...

Competence-based theories of island effects play a central role in generative grammar, yet the graded nature of many syntactic islands has never been properly accounted for. Categorical syntactic accounts of island effects have persisted in spite of a wealth of data suggesting that island effects are not categorical in nature and that non-structural manipulations that leave island structures in...

Agreement features participate in several grammatical dependencies such as subject-verb agreement and antecedent-reflexive binding. We explore whether there is any stage of sentence processing in which a linear structure-independent feature matching process occurs, e.g., as a means of identifying candidate antecedents which are then subject to further structural and semantic evaluation. Three s...

Using the eye-tracking method, the present study depicted pre- and post-head processing for simple scrambled sentences of head-final languages. Three versions of simple Japanese active sentences with ditransitive verbs were used: namely, (1) SO₁O₂V canonical, (2) SO₂O₁V single-scrambled, and (3) O₁O₂SV double-scrambled order. First pass reading times indicated that the third noun phrase just be...