In this study, a new approach for simulation of electric field enhancement ofplane wave laser around optical antenna was used to convert free-propagating opticalradiation to localized energy. A tapered gold tip design as a novel geometry of opticalantenna is introduced and numerically analyzed based on particle swarm optimization(PSO) by solving the Maxwell equations wit...

J. C. Cuevas,1,2 J. Hammer,1 J. Kopu,3 J. K. Viljas,1 and M. Eschrig1 1Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Universität Karlsruhe, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany 2Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain 3Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland Received 24 January 20...

The steady heat transfer through a rectangular longitudinal fin is studied.The thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient are assumed to be temperature dependent making the resulting ordinary differential equation (ODE) highly nonlinear. An asymptotic solution is used as a means of understanding the relationship between key parameters. A dynamical analysis is also employed for the same ...

Lophosteus superbus is one of only a handful of probable stem-group osteichthyans known from the fossil record. First collected and described in the late 19th century from the upper Silurian Saaremaa Cliff locality in Estonia, it is known from a wealth of disarticulated scales, fin spines, and bone fragments. In this study we provide the first description of the morphology and paleohistology of...

We describe herein a method for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and electrochemical signal with a new type of thermocouple microelectrode. The thermocouple microelectrode can be used not only as a thermometer but also as a scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) tip in the reaction between tip-generated bromine and a heated Cu sample. The influence of temperature on the SECM imag...

Body patterning behavior in unshelled cephalopod molluscs such as squid, octopuses, and cuttlefish is the ability of these animals to create complex patterns on their skin. This behavior is generated primarily by chromatophores, pigment-containing organs that are directly innervated by central motoneurons. The present study focuses on innervation patterns and location of chromatophore motoneuro...

Studies using commercial computational fluid dynamics software, running on a supercomputer, were carried out to investigate the effects of fin density, inlet duct velocity, and clearance area ratio, on the extent of flow bypass and its impact on the thermal performance of the heat sink. Flow bypass was found to increase with increasing fin density and clearance, while remaining relatively insen...

A thermosensitive developmental mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum identifies a gene product that is nonessential for cell multiplication but is continuously required during aggregation and the period when multicellular mounds are formed. After mounds form a tip, which has the properties of an embryonic organizer, this gene product may be nonessential. Surgical removal of the tip from a polariz...