OBJECTIVE  To examine the association between the presence of individual principal investigators' financial ties to the manufacturer of the study drug and the trial's outcomes after accounting for source of research funding. DESIGN  Cross sectional study of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). SETTING  Studies published in "core clinical" journals, as identified by Medline, between 1 Januar...

The financial comprehensive appraisal method plays an essential role in decision-making for investors and reflecting real company’s financial comprehensive situation. Because of the grey characteristics of financial information, this paper constructs a grey relational model with a index system of financial comprehensive appraisal by grey relation theory. It is applied to listed companies in rea...

Using newly collected data from the RAND American Life Panel, we examine potential explanations for the gender gap in financial literacy, including the role of marriage and who within a couple makes the financial decisions. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition reveals the majority of the gender gap in financial literacy is not explained by differences in the characteristics of men and women-but rather ...

We use firm level data to assess the role of exporting in the link between financial health and firm survival. The data are for the UK and France. We examine whether firms at different stages of export activity (starters, exiters, continuers, switchers) react differently to changes in financial variables. In general, export starters and exiters experience much stronger adverse effects of financ...