Background and Aim: The health system financing is the process of collecting, pooling and managing financial resources and purchasing healthcare services. Health financing plays an important role in achieving the health system goals and objectives specially universal health coverage. The aim of this study was to strategically analyze the Iranian health financing system and recommend strategies ...

Credit spreads display occasional spikes and are more strongly countercyclical in times of elevated financial stress. Financial crises extreme cases this nonlinear behavior, featuring skyrocketing credit spreads, sharp losses bank equity, deep recessions. We develop estimate a macroeconomic model with banking sector which banks’ leverage constraints occasionally binding equity issuance is endog...

The magnitude and frequency of recent financial crises underscore the importance of understanding financial instability for the purpose of crisis prevention and crisis management. This paper brings together and adds structure to the theoretical literature on financial instability and the implications they carry for policy-makers. In addition to clarifying the theoretical underpinnings for study...

I use a large cross country data set and panel probit analysis to investigate the way in which the interaction between trade and financial openness affect the probability of external crises. This analysis is related to debate on the adequate sequencing of reform. I also investigate the role played by current account and fiscal imbalances, contagion, international reserves holdings, and the exch...

This article investigates the effects of macroeconomic policy (monetary and fiscal) on output growth during financial crises characterized by a “sudden stop” in net capital inflows in developing and emerging market economies. We investigate 83 sudden stop crises in 77 countries over 1982-2003 using a baseline empirical model to control for the various determinants of output losses during sudden...

Central banks have two core missions: the pursuit of monetary policy to achieve broad macroeconomic objectives and the maintenance of financial stability, including the management of financial crises. The latter mission is closely connected to regulation and supervision of the banking system, so I include this within the central banker's perspective, as well as broader issues related to systemi...

The objectives of this paper are to review the monetary and financial sector reforms in India, identify the emerging issues and explore the prospects for further reform. The first part is devoted to a brief background on the need for reforms taken up in 1991-92. The second part is devoted to the institutional aspects of the reform. Issues relating to ownership, competition and regulation in the...

Analyzing central bank communication during financial crises, we draw on a surprisingly informative parallel between management of natural disasters such as earthquakes on one hand, and the corresponding communication infrastructure and social interaction during financial turmoil, on the other. The role of social and emotional behavior thereof points to the importance of interpersonal comm...

Sustainability for a society means long-term viability, but also the ability to cope with economic crises and disasters. Just as with natural disasters, we can minimize the chance of them occurring and set in place policies to protect the world’s citizens against their consequences. This paper is concerned with the impact of economic crises on the inequality of resources and with the impact of ...