BACKGROUND Demand side financing (DSF) is a widely employed strategy to enhance utilization of healthcare. The impact of DSF on health care seeking in general and that of maternal care in particular is already known. Yet, its effect on financial access to care, out-of-pocket spending (OOPS) and provider motivations is not considerably established. Without such evidence, DSFs may not be recommen...

We examine nonprofit organizations’ involvement in the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). The PPP provided participants with forgivable loans to pay employee salaries, increasing participants’ financial flexibility during pandemic. associations between nonprofits’ prepandemic obligations (e.g., long-term debt and donor-restricted net assets) participation loan characteristics. First, we find or...

There are reasons to expect that the protection switching times of p-cycles will allow them to be considered for protecting services where previously only 1+1 automatic protection switching would have been specified, for the highest speed. Here we introduce p-cycles as an option in a mixedmethod environment to protect demands that do not strictly require dedicated 1+1 APS, but need a faster swi...

BACKGROUND An estimated 4% of global child deaths (approximately 300,000 deaths) were attributed to rotavirus in 2010. About a third of these deaths occurred in India and Ethiopia. Public finance of rotavirus vaccination in these two countries could substantially decrease child mortality and also reduce rotavirus-related hospitalizations, prevent health-related impoverishment and bring signific...