ABSTRACT This paper aims to analyze the innovations introduced in functions of International Monetary Fund context 2008 economic and financial crisis. promoted an action that aimed strengthen surveillance function through adoption Integrated Surveillance. Thus, alongside traditional conditionality based on a posteriori implementation adequate policies, criterion ex ante precautionary branches w...

BACKGROUND In recent years, problems like insufficient coordination, low efficiency, and heavy working load in national communicable disease surveillance systems in China have been pointed out by many researchers. To strengthen the national communicable disease surveillance systems becomes an immediate concern. Since the World Health Organization has recommended that a structured approach to st...

Abstract ‘Follow the money’ is currently central principle of international financial security, although money itself probably one most unlikely objects to make traceable. Two recent scandals around a security unit and payment processor Wirecard show how existing systems surveillance that seek capture ‘flows’ for purposes are either enabled or frustrated. While this current regime adheres deman...

The emergence of online financial information channels, such as web portals and financial blogs, eases the challenge process for scammers of publishing fraudulent contents in order to manipulate share prices. To maintain market integrity, financial market surveillance authorities monitor these different information channels to detect suspicious behaviour. However, as the available amount of onl...

governmental contracts have an important place in the financial and economic system.because the transfer of funds generally is done by contracts. in other hand because of governmental economic system in our country and concentration of capital in this section, the governmental contracts has greater importance.therefore the special monitoring on various stages of contract from foundation to impl...

conclusions addressing and removing explainable patterns of syndromic data on meningitis is necessary to timely and accurately detection of meningitis epidemics. it was concluded that decomposition methods had better performance compared to the model based ones. background meningitis is one of the most disturbing infectious diseases due to mortality, morbidity and its ability to cause epidemic....

lobesia botrana (denis & schiffermüller) (lepidoptera: tortricidae), is an important vineyard-pest in the european and mediterranean areas and it was recently described in argentina and chile. since knowledge on the l. botrana phenology on argentina is still limited, the objective of this study was to develop a phenological model to predict voltinism of l. botrana in argentina through a reg...