This paper considers lessons from the practice of fiscal federalism for guidance on new approaches to development finance. Despite the fact that inter-regional redistribution in a federation relies on a central government with strong fiscal powers, the form of that redistribution can be used as a benchmark for international development assistance financing. In a federation, finance for less-dev...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND The 58th World Health Assembly and 56th WHO Regional Committee for Africa adopted resolutions urging Member States to ensure that health financing systems included a method for prepayment to foster financial risk sharing among the population and avoid catastrophic health-care expenditure. The Regional Committee asked countries to strengthen or develop comprehensive heal...

One of the many important ethical issues raised by health care systems is how best to sustain equity. As conflicting individual interests are inevitable within a health care system, issues of fairness are bound to arise. Changes in the structure of a health care system are thus key events that can affect equity in important ways. Using the "Benchmarks of Fairness" approach, we assessed the poss...

The transformation and optimization of energy enterprises can boost China's economic development. Studying the adjustment stock liquidity to their capital structure will help realize own value. Based on these, this paper explores influence by constructing a fixed-effect step-back model based static short-panel data, then draws following conclusions：(1)The better stock, smaller external financin...

We empirically examine the trade-off theory of capital structure, allowing for infrequent adjustment. After showing that the behavior of financing decisions (security issuances and retirements) is consistent with direct evidence on external financing costs, we use a dynamic duration model to show that firms behave as though adhering to a dynamic trade-off policy in which they actively rebalance...

the focus on public policy and health equity is discussed in reference to the current global health policy discussion on universal health coverage (uhc). this initiative has strong commitment from the leadership of the international organizations involved, but a lack of policy clarity outside of the health financing component may limit the initiative’s impact on health inequity. in order to add...

a vast spectrum of resources are available for financing the development and further renovation of housing sector. in the last two decades the complexities and intervowening of financial methods have been developed in europe, u.s., and far east. even some of these new instruments have been transacted in international financial markets, linearization and deregulation has contributed to the devel...

This paper takes the issue of the financialization of competitiveness as being concerned with the link between increased financialization and the reduced autonomy of company management. The paper understands financialization to mean the increased ability to trade risk, resulting from changes in the structure of financial markets and in the financial market actors active in those markets. The pa...