The strategic intent of the African Union is to develop a “Smart Integrated Electric Power Super Grid” driven by modern tools and advances in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) engineering flexible alternating technology systems (FACTS), which central supporting Africa’s sustained economic growth development. southern region, including South Africa, beset critical challenges perennial load-shed...

The paper presents an apparent impedance calculation procedure for distance relaying of transmission line involving FACTS devices, particularly the UPFC (unified power flow controller). The presence of UPFC significantly affects the trip boundaries which are also adversely affected by fault resistance combined with remote end infeed. Depending on the UPFC location, the trip boundary is influenc...

electric arc furnace (eaf) is one of the largest loads in electric power systems. it is highly time varying and nonlinear. its reactive power variations cause voltage fluctuations in nearby system which is known as flicker. on the other hand the nonlinear voltage-current characteristic causes strong voltage and current harmonics in eaf. to this end flexible ac transmission systems (facts) techn...

Deregulation and privatization as well as the increase use of renewable energy are posing new challenges on high voltage transmission systems. Environmental constraints, such as energy saving, loss minimization and CO2 reduction, will also play an important role. The loading of existing power systems will further increase, leading to bottlenecks and reliability problems. High voltage power elec...

Due to the rapid technological progress, the consumption of electric energy increases continuously. But the transmission systems are not extended to the same extent because building of new lines is difficult for environmental as well as political reasons. Hence, the systems are driven closer to their limits resulting in congestions and critical situations endangering the system security. Power ...

This paper presents an overview over different areas where Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices can help system operators run the transmission system more efficiently especially under the consideration of liberalized electricity markets. Furthermore, an example network, based on realistic data, is shown where the installation of a TCSC increases the transfer capacity into a region c...

Solid state power electronic devices or Flexible AC Transmission Systems technologies has brought an scope for electric utilities to operate their bulk power flow network close to their thermal limits while maintaining and/or improving network security or reliability. High-power electronic devices can provide unprecedented control over electricity flow in transmission networks. These devices re...

Deregulation and privatization are posing new challenges to high-voltage transmission systems. High-voltage power electronics, such as HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) and FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems), provide the necessary features to avoid technical problems in heavily loaded power systems; they increase the transmission capacity and system stability very efficiently and assist ...

Electricity market activities and a growing demand for electricity have led to heavily stressed power systems. This requires operation of the networks closer to their stability limits. Cost effective solutions are preferred over network extensions. The flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS), a new technology based on power electronics, offers an opportunity to enhance controll...

Deregulation and privatization are posing new challenges to high voltage transmission and distributions systems. System components are loaded up to their thermal limits, and power trading with fast varying load patterns is leading to an increasing congestion. In addition to this, the dramatic global climate developments call for changes in the way electricity is supplied [1, 2]. Innovative solu...