estuaries are considered as highly dynamic ecosystem that include the mixing or transition zone between river freshwater and saline water from oceans and seas. estuaries are very important aquatic systems by preserving the coastal biota. flocculation of metals during mixing of freshwater with saline water can be considered as the most important estuarine processes. due to flocculation process, ...

Many systems contain populations of individuals. Often, they are regarded as a lumped phase, which might, for some applications, lead to inadequate model predictive power. An alternative framework, Population Balance Models, has been used here to describe such a system, activated sludge flocculation in which particle size is the property one wants to model. An important problem to solve in popu...

A coagulation–microfiltration (MF) system has the potential to remove natural organic matter and mitigate membrane fouling. The effect of flocculation conditions on MF performance was investigated using three membrane modules including stirred cell, dead-end MF, and submerged MF. The experimental results were analysed in terms of filterability, particle size, and floc structure as represented b...

The combination of single cells to form doublets is regarded as the rate-limiting step of flocculation and requires the presence of surface proteins in active form. The process of activation of the flocculation proteins of yeast cells is described in the frame of the autocrine interaction regime (Science 224 (1984) 1312). The influence of several effectors (the cell efficiency to use sugars, th...

The combination of single cells to form doublets is regarded as the rate-limiting step of flocculation and requires the presence of surface proteins in active form. The process of activation of the flocculation proteins of yeast cells is described in the frame of the autocrine interaction regime (Science 224 (1984) 1312). The influence of several effectors (the cell efficiency to use sugars, th...

Energy consumption and water resource in the cultivation and harvesting steps still need to be minimized for the popularization of the microalgae-based products. An efficient electro-flocculation method for harvesting Dunaliella Salina integrated with local sand has been successfully applied. Sand was effective for speeding up the processes of flocculation and sedimentation of algal flocs and t...

Flocculation is an attractive property for Saccaromyces cerevisiae, which plays important roles in fermentation industry and environmental remediation. The process of flocculation is mediated by a family of cell surface flocculins. As one member of flocculins, Flo1 is characterized by four families of repeats (designated as repeat units A, B, C and D) in the central domain. It is generally acce...

2015 Flocculation technologies offer significant benefits to industrial mammalian cell culture processes, including increased clarification efficiency, impurity removal and process simplification. In this paper, the application and performance of flocculation technologies employed in the harvest process of monoclonal antibody Chinese hamster ovary cell culture are reviewed. Attention has been p...

The Lf-unit, which is used in the control of diphtheria and tetanus toxoid production and in some countries also to follow immunization of horses for production of antitoxins, has hitherto been defined by means of antitoxin preparations. A diphtheria toxoid and a tetanus toxoid preparation, both freeze-dried, were examined in an international collaborative study for their suitability to serve a...