A review on the main aspects associated with yeast flocculation and its application in biotechnological processes is presented. This subject is addressed following three main aspects – the basics of yeast flocculation, the development of “new” flocculating yeast strains and bioreactor development. In what concerns the basics of yeast flocculation, the state of the art on the most relevant aspec...

Sludge disposal is one of the most costly and environmentally problematic challenges of modern wastewater treatment worldwide. In this study, a new process was developed, which has a significant potential for lower cost of waste disposal, protection of the environment and public health, and yield of economically useful byproducts. Titanium oxide (TiO2), which is the most widely used metal oxide...

Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains vary in acid resistance; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that result in strain specific differences. Among 25 STEC O157:H7 strains tested, 7 strains flocculated when grown statically for 18 h in minimal salts medium at 37°C, while 18 strains did not. Interestingly, the flocculation phenotype (cells came out of suspen...

Flocculation as a pre-separation method can help make production of biodiesel from microalgae economically feasible. In a previous study, Moringa oleifera seed flour (1 g.L-1) was shown to be a very efficient flocculant for Chlorella vulgaris, a microalga with high potential for biodiesel production. In this study, several aspects of C vulgaris flocculation mediated by Moringa were investigated...

Mediator, a multiprotein complex involved in transcription of class II genes, was first discovered in yeast and then characterized in many metazoans revealing a striking structural conservation of the complex. However, sequences of Mediator subunits are not well conserved raising a question on the functional conservation of these individual subunits. In this study, expression of Med15 of Arabid...

Attention is called to a phase of antigen-antibody reactions in which the times of flocculation are linearly proportional to the dilutions of antigen (region of considerable antibody excess), and a theoretical interpretation is offered.

BACKGROUND Riverine particles undergo a rapid transformation when they reach estuaries. The rapid succession of hydrodynamic and biogeochemical regimes forces the particles to flocculate, settle and enter the sediment pool. The rates and magnitudes of flocculation depend on the nature of the particles which are primarily affected by the types and quantities of organic matter (OM). Meanwhile, th...

In an earlier paper in this Journal (Vogelsang, 1947), a new microflocculation test for syphilis described by Harris, Rosenberg, and Riedel (1946) was compared with the Wassermann reaction, the Kahn standard test, and the Meinicke clarification test in 5,556 sera. The test was found to be very useful in the diagnosis of syphilis, having a satisfactory sensitivity and a good specificity. Harris ...

The fact that the optimum proportion flocculation ratio is different when determined by the alpha (Dean and Webb) and beta (Ramon) procedures is pointed out. It is demonstrated that this difference is a consequence of the difference in the two methods, and that the two optima, though they may in certain cases lie near together, can never coincide. A new ratio (the epsilon ratio), intermediate b...

In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. E 61, 2831 (2000)], Borstnik, Stark, and Zumer have studied the stability of a colloidal dispersion of micron-sized spherical particles in the isotropic phase of a nematogenic material. Close to the nematic transition, the attraction due to a surface-induced paranematic order can yield flocculation. Their calculation of the nematic-mediated interaction was based on...