In HIV infection, CD8+ cells show cytotoxic and noncytotoxic anti-HIV activity. The latter function is mediated, at least in part, by a secreted antiviral protein, the CD8+ cell antiviral factor (CAF). Because antiviral effector molecules, such as perforin and granzymes, reside in the exocytic granules of CD8+ T cells, we examined the possibility that granules contain CAF-like activity. CD8+ ce...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) shows a rich stroma where cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent the major cell type. CAFs are master secretors of proteins with pro-tumor features. CAF targeting remains a promising challenge for PDA, a devastating disease where treatments focusing on cancer cells have failed. We previously introduced a novel pharmacological CAF-targeting approach...

Caffeine is present in a number of dietary sources consumed worldwide. Although its pharmacokinetics has been intensively explored, little is known about complexed caffeine (C-CAF) in aqueous extraction of fermented Pu-er tea. The major components of C-CAF are oxidative tea polyphenols (OTP) and caffeine. Furthermore, the C-CAF can be precipitated in low pH solution. After administering the sam...

AIMS β-adrenergic stimulation has profound influence in the genesis and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the effects of β-Adrenoceptor stimulation on repolarizing currents and action potential (AP) characteristics in human atrial myocytes from left (LAA) and right atrial appendages (RAA) obtained from sinus rhythm (SR) and chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF) patients have not bee...

PURPOSE Performance improvements after caffeine (CAF) ingestion are well documented when using a 1-d protocol. In numerous competitions such as the Tour de France, Tour de Ski, world championships, and National College Athletic Association championships, athletes compete for several days in a row. To date, no studies have investigated the effects of CAF when competing for consecutive days in a ...

Both caffeine (CAF) and pseudoephedrine (PSE) are proposed to be central nervous system stimulants. However, during competition, CAF is a permitted substance, whereas PSE is a banned substance at urinary levels >150 μg · ml(-1). As a result, this study aimed to compare the effect of CAF versus PSE use on cycling time trial (TT) performance to explore whether the legal stimulant was any less erg...

The subcellular distribution and posttranslational modification of human chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) have been investigated after UV irradiation of HeLa cells. In an asynchronous cell population only a subfraction of the two large CAF-1 subunits, p150 and p60, were found to exist in a chromatin-associated fraction. This fraction is most abundant during S phase in nonirradiated cells and...

A coronary artery-left ventricular fistula (CAF) is an extremely rare anatomical abnormality in which blood drains directly from a coronary artery into the left ventricle. CAF may cause myocardial ischaemia and angina. Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is a non-invasive technique which assesses myocardial perfusion. We describe a patient with CAF in whom transmural myocardial ischaemia...

Among adolescents, overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome are rapidly increasing in recent years as a consequence of unhealthy palatable diets. Animal models of diet-induced obesity have been developed, but little is known about the behavioural patterns produced by the consumption of such diets. The aim of the present study was to determine the behavioural and biochemical effects of a cafet...

Objective: Verbal fluency is a cognitive function that can be easily assessed in bedside and provide useful data for clinical assessment of a variety of cognitive functions. We decided to provide a standardized test for the assessment of verbal fluency in Persian language, including both phonemic and semantic fluency subtests.  Method: First, three letters (P, D, and Sh) and three categories (...