Abstract Linguistic performance elicited by language tasks has generally been operationalized in terms of complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF). However, this study argues that assessment L2 proficiency is impossible without taking into account the adequacy efficacy performance. To end, we developed a rating scale for measuring functional (FA). In order to investigate validity, reliability, a...

The present study investigated the potential of writing in English as a foreign language (EFL) for learning by manipulating cognitive task complexity based on related models and hypotheses. essays written 59 Chinese postgraduate EFL students from different subject areas were analysed with reference to complexity, accuracy, fluency (CAF). Results showed that had no significant effect learners’ l...

Students at the Department of Scandinavian Studies begin their studies without prior knowledge Danish / Norwegian Swedish, so intensive emphasis is given to language acquisition in first year. Our research based on processing results a written basic exam (A2 level) from last eight years.
 The aim find an answer questions which areas cause greatest challenges and what methods can be used ov...

Clicker Assessment and Feedback (CAF) is an instructional assessment and feedback strategy that is incorporated with interactive technologies, often referred to as clickers. Several thousand colleges and universities across Europe and North America have adopted CAF as a strategy in their classrooms. This study has three major objectives. The first objective is to discuss the development of an i...

Abstract As the effects of self-assessment, peer assessment, and teacher assessment on EFL learners’ writing CAF speaking have not examined in Iran, this research compared their effectiveness developing Iranian students’ CAF. Moreover, attitudes students towards three types assessments. To achieve these objectives, 75 intermediate learners were selected based a convenience sampling method divid...

CONTEXT Carbohydrate (CHO) and caffeine (CAF) both improve endurance performance. PURPOSE To determine by systematic literature review coupled with meta-analysis whether CAF ingested with CHO (CHO+CAF) improves endurance performance more than CHO alone. METHODS Databases were searched using the keywords caffeine, endurance, exercise, carbohydrate, and performance. Criteria for inclusion wer...

Caffeine (Caf) ingestion increases plasma epinephrine (Epi) and exercise endurance; these results are frequently transferred to coffee (Cof) consumption. We examined the impact of ingestion of the same dose of Caf in Cof or in water. Nine healthy, fit, young adults performed five trials after ingesting (double blind) either a capsule (Caf or placebo) with water or Cof (decaffeinated Cof, decaff...

while parkinson's disease (pd) has traditionally been defined by motor symptoms, many researches have indicated that mild cognitive impairment is common in non-demented pd patients. the purpose of this study was to compare verbal fluency performance in non-demented parkinson's disease patients with healthy controls.in this cross-sectional study thirty non-demented parkinson's disease patients a...

background: coronally advanced fl ap (caf) has been shown to effectively treat gingival recession. platelet rich plasma (prp), containing autologous growth factors, has been shown to promote soft tissue healing. the aim of this clinical study was to determine whether the addition of an autologous prp to a caf when compared to a caf alone would improve the clinical outcome for treatment of multi...

Caffeine (CAF) is one of the most widely and regularly consumed biologically active substances. We use computer simulation approach to the study of CAF activity by searching for its possible complexes with biopolymer fragments. The principal CAF target at physiologically important concentrations refers to adenosine receptors. It is a common opinion that CAF is a competitive antagonist of adenos...