The effect of addition of different dosages of caffeine (Caf) to a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) on metabolism, Caf excretion, and performance was examined. Subjects (n = 15) ingested 8 ml/kg of water placebo (Pla-W), 7% CES (Pla-CES), or 7% CES with 150, 225, and 320 mg/l Caf (CES-150, CES-225, and CES-320, respectively) during a warm-up protocol (20 min) and 3 ml/kg at one-third and...

BACKGROUND Termination of chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF) can be achieved by catheter ablation using a stepwise approach. However, there are limited data on the contribution of the right atrium to the CAF process. Furthermore, the prognostic value of CAF termination remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighty-eight patients (61+/-10 years of age) underwent de novo ablation of CAF in 2006 at...

The present study examined whether a high caffeine dose improved running and cycling performance and altered substrate metabolism in well-trained runners. Seven trained competitive runners [maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) 72.6 +/- 1.5 ml.kg-1.min-1] completed four randomized and double-blind exercise trials at approximately 85% VO2max; two trials running to exhaustion and two trials cycling to exhau...

Laser slowing of CaF molecules down to the capture velocity of a magneto-optical trap for molecules is achieved. Starting from a two-stage buffer gas beam source, we apply frequencybroadened ‘white-light’ slowing and observe approximately ́ 6 104 CaF molecules in a single pulse with velocities 10 ± 4 m s. CaF is a candidate for collisional studies in the mK regime. This work represents a signifi...

Cyclin D1 is overexpressed in a significant percentage of human breast cancers, particularly in those that also express the estrogen receptor (ER). We and others have demonstrated previously that experimentally overexpressed cyclin D1 can associate with the ER and stimulate its transcriptional functions in the absence of estrogen. This effect is separable from the established function of cyclin...

PURPOSE Caffeine (CAF) improves performance in both short- and long-duration running and cycling where performance relies on power output and endurance capacity of leg muscles. No studies have so far tested the effects of CAF while using the double-poling (DP) technique in cross-country skiing. When using the DP technique, arm muscles provide the speed-generating force and therefore play an imp...

Agrin, a multidomain proteoglycan and neurotrypsin, a neuronal serine protease, are important for forming (neuromuscular) synapses. Proteolytical activity of neurotrypsin produces a C-terminal fragment of agrin, termed CAF, of approximately 22 kDA molecular size which also circulates in blood. The presence of CAF in urine suggests either glomerular filtration or secretion into urine. Blood leve...

Coronary artery fistulae (CAF) are an infrequent coronary abnormality. Herein, we describe the use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the treatment of CAF. A 61 year-old woman presented with chest pain and symptoms consistent with unstable angina. Subsequent coronary angiography revealed the presence of 2 CAF, one extending from the left anterior descending artery to th...

In the present study, we investigated whether maternal exposure to a cafeteria diet affects the metabolism and body composition of offspring and whether such an exposure has a cumulative effect during the lifetime of the offspring. Female rats were fed a control (CON) or a cafeteria (CAF) diet from their own weaning to the weaning of their offspring. At 21 d of age, male offspring were divided ...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the incidence and diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) in patients with chronic permanent atrial fibrillation (CAF). Also it has not been established if echocardiography, a diagnostic tool useful in clinical evaluation of both diseases, is of value in diagnosis of PE in CAF patients. AIM To establish the prevalence of PE among patients suffering from CA...