In various domains such as energy, manufacturing, and maritime, cyber–physical systems (CPSs) have seen increased interest. Both academia industry focused on the cybersecurity aspects of systems. The assessment cyber risks in a CPS is popular research area with many existing approaches that aim to suggest relevant methods practices. However, few works addressed extensive objective evaluation pr...

PT. X is a services and manufacturing company. Y one of some industrial companies use the X, biggest chemical fertilizer producer in Southeast Asia. PT uses 66 belt-conveyors for distributing material. In order to arrange maintenance schedule, used preventive calculations using Failure Mode Effect Critically Analysis method (FMECA). Preventive schedule conveyor belt’s components (belt primary c...

A welding robot is an advanced piece of machinery in industry, especially in the field of industrial automation. As a complex system, it has a high failure probability because it manipulates, controls and performs complicated objects and tasks. Therefore, more attention has recently focused on the reliability of a welding robot. Reliability is very important because its performance will affect ...