This research deals with focalization as an important aspect of narratology developed by structuralists. aims to explore how the new concept point view in narrative theory differ from traditional concept. In doing so, researcher applied discussion and analysis Ralph Ellison’s novel, Invisible Man. From analysis, it is shown that Ellison has made use multiple focalizers telling story, not a sing...

1. Remarks on semantics and pragmatics Jacob Mey has contributed most effectively to recognizing the importance of pragmatics. Even a specification of truth conditions (as Carnap's propositions, or in a situational framework) requires the reference of certain items in the sentence to be determined. Thus, pragmatic factors have to be reflected as fundamental and included into the procedure of in...

1. I N T R O D U C T I O N As everyone who has tried it knows, the hardest part of building a broad-coverage parser is not simply covering all the constructions of the language, but dealing with ambiguity. One approach to ambiguity resolution is to "understand" the text well enough to have a good semantic interpretation system, to use real-world modeling, inference, etc. This can work well in s...

HESTIA (the Herodotus Encoded Space-Text-Imaging Archive) employs the latest digital technology to develop an innovative methodology to the study of spatial data in Herodotus’ Histories. Using a digital text of Herodotus, freely available from the Perseus on-line library, to capture all the place-names mentioned in the narrative, we construct a database to house that information and represent i...

The aim of the present contribution is to present several hypotheses that may help to characterize and identify contrast as such and degrees of its intensity, and to point out how the phenomena connected with contrast can be handled in a descriptive framework that uses a dependency based syntax and includes a description of the topic-focus articulation (TFA) as one of the aspects of the underly...

HESTIA (the Herodotus Encoded Space-Text-Imaging Archive) employs the latest digital technology to develop an innovative methodology to the study of spatial data in Herodotus’ Histories. Using a digital text of Herodotus, freely available from the Perseus on-line library, to capture all the place-names mentioned in the narrative, we construct a database to house that information and represent i...