Agouti-related protein (AgRP), an endogenous melanocortin 3/4 receptor antagonist, appears to play an important role in the control of food intake and energy balance because exogenous administration in rats and overexpression in mice result in hyperphagia and body mass gain. Furthermore, arcuate nucleus AgRP mRNA is increased with fasting in laboratory rats and mice and is decreased with refeed...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between proxy-reported energy intake, daily food intake and energy density of foods and body mass index (BMI) z-score in 2-9-year-old European children. METHODS From 16,225 children who participated in the identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants (IDEFICS) baseline e...

In mammals, hypothalamic control of food intake involves counterregulation of appetite by an orexigenic peptides such as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), and orexigenic peptides such as neuropeptide Y (NPY). Glucocorticoids also stimulate food intake by inhibiting CRF while facilitating NPY actions. To gain a better understanding of the diversity and evolution of neuroendocrine feeding con...

conclusions alterations in consumption of whole grains, vegetables, and added sugars are associated with body weight change, suggesting that it could be helpful in weight control. results in men, weight loss was significantly predicted only by decreased intake of added sugars (or: 2.21, 95% ci: 1.06-4.63). in women, weight gain was significantly predicted by decreased intake of whole grains (or...

OBJECTIVE To assess the intake and sources of non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) and fat among children in Scotland in relation to socio-economic status, and to estimate the changes in diet required to achieve recommended levels of intake. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey with diet assessed by semi-quantitative FFQ. SETTING Eighty postcode sectors across Scotland. SUBJECTS Children (n 1398) ag...

Chronic administration of anorexigenic substances to experimental animals by injections or continuous infusion typically produces either no effect or a transient reduction in food intake and body weight. Our aim here was to identify an intermittent dosing strategy for intraperitoneal infusion of peptide YY(3-36) [PYY(3-36)] that produces a sustained reduction in daily food intake and adiposity ...

Fenofibrate is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) activator and is prescribed to treat hyperlipidemia. The mechanism through which PPARα agonists reduce food intake, body weight, and adiposity remains unclear. One explanation for the reduction of food intake is that fenofibrate promotes fatty acid oxidation and increases the production of ketone bodies upon a stand...

OBJECTIVE We investigated associations between consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets and soft drinks and the psychological dimensions of eating in parents and their children. The role of the parent's characteristics for their children's food intake was also explored. DESIGN Food intake patterns were assessed by self-reported consumption of the respective foods. Eating behaviour was measur...