Specific football drills improve the development of technical/tactical and physical variables in players. Based on this principle, in recent years it has been possible to observe in daily training a growing volume of small-sided and conditioned games. These games are smaller and modified forms of formal games that augment players' perception of specific tactics. Despite this approach, the asses...

Rule-based programming systems can be fragile because they force the user to account for all logical alternatives. If an unconsidered case does arise during execution, program behavior falls through the cracks into unspecified behavior. We investigate rule-based, end-user strategy programming by introducing our Interactive Football Playbook— a domain specific, end-user programming environment t...

This article examines the operation of diversity policies and practices in the sport of football using textual material from Government initiatives, club websites and interviews with club community based workers to suggest that new identity positions are being put into discourse. Sport and in particular football has become a site at which, rather than being classified as dangerous territory whe...

the purpose of this study was to evaluate sport marketing mix factor and its seven components (production, price, promotion, place, public relations, people and physical evidence) in football premier league from the viewpoint of managers of physical education organization and football federation of islamic republic of iran. for this purpose, a researcher-made questionnaire (cronbach's alph...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MCT1 rs1049434 polymorphism and indirect muscle injuries in elite football players. One hundred and seventy-three male elite Italian football players (age = 19.2 ± 5.3 years) were recruited from a first-league football club participating at the Official National Italian Football Championship (Serie A, Primavera, Allievi...

BACKGROUND Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) continues to technically evolve, but how the technical innovations affect the ability to participate in high-impact sports such as football is unknown. METHODS Clinical studies describing athletes treated with first-, second-, or third-generation ACI techniques were reviewed. The technical developments of ACI were evaluated, and the results...

CONCERN EXISTS ABOUT THE cardiovascular health implications of large size among professional football players and those players who aspire to professional status. An estimated 4.3 million youth ages 6 to 17 years participated in football in 2000 in the United States, including tackle, touch, and flag football. A 2005-2006 high school participation survey estimated that 1.1 million students part...

BACKGROUND While there have been investigations into the reduced neck injury rate of wearing protective helmets, there is little information on its effects on normal kinaesthetic neck function. This study aims to quantify the kinaesthetic and movement effects of the American football helmet. METHODS Fifteen British Collegiate American football players (mean age 22.2, SD 1.9; BMI kg.m(2) 26.3,...

BACKGROUND Long-term physical exercise leads to left ventricular morphological adaptations, which vary with the kind of sport and the intensity and extent of the training. Although the echocardiographic changes related to exercise in athletes participating in various sports have been well described, changes associated with football players have been less well documented. The aim of this study w...

purpose every sport has a unique profile of injury and risk of injury. in recent years, there have been numerous attempts at conducting injury prevention trials for specific injuries or for injuries within specific sports to provide evidence useful to the sports medicine and sport community. football has been a focus of a number of randomized injury prevention trials. methods medline was search...