objective: crocin and safranal are the main components of saffron, and have many biological functions such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. in the present study, we investigated the effects of crocin, safranal, morphine, diclofenac and naloxone in combined and separately on formalin-induced orofacial pain in rats. materials and methods: subcutaneous injection of a diluted formal...

Introduction: 17&beta-Estradiol modulates nociception by binding to the estrogenic receptors and also by allosteric interaction with other membrane-bound receptors like glutamate and GABAA receptors. In addition to its autonomic functions, paragigantocellularis lateralis (LPGi) is involved in the pain modulation, too. The aim of the current study was to investigate the involvement of the membra...

Abstract Propofol, an intravenous anesthetic, has been shown to offer superior analgesic effect clinically. Whether propofol has preventive analgesic property remains unexplored. The present study investigated the antinociceptive effect of propofol and underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms via pre-emptive administration in a formalin-induced inflammatory pain model in rats. Male adult Sp...

The aim of this study, evaluate the nociceptive effect adalimumab, a TNF-alpha inhibitor, on formalin-induced inflammatory pain in mice. antinociceptive activity adalimumab was determined adult male BALB-C mice (6 each group) by model and hot plate test applied. Diclofenac, which we used as positive control, showed anti-nociceptive both phases formalin test. at thirtieth minute statistically si...

introduction: orexin-a and b (hypocretin 1 and 2) are neuropeptides that are mostly expressed in the posterior and lateral hypothalamus (lh). intracisternal (icv) and intratechal (it) injections of orexin-a (hypocretin-1) have been shown to elicit analgesic responses in formalin test. however, the locations of central sites that may mediate these effects have not been clearly elucidated. orexin...

Background and Objectives: Previous studies have shown the antinociceptive effect of morphine in animal models, but the specific anti-pain consequence of the abuse drug in female animals is unclear. The present research showed the morphine antinociception in female Wistar rats using formalin test. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 40 female Wistar rats purchased from Pasteur Institute of Ir...

results all doses of g. vitellinum extract induced anti-nociception activity during the first and second phases of the formalin test. the extract showed a significant (p < 0.05) dose-related inhibition during the first phase compared to the control group. in the second phase of the formalin test, the extract showed analgesic activity comparable to the effect of morphine. in pre-treatment with n...

The present study designed to investigate the development of nociceptive circuits upon formalin-induced pain in congenital hypothyroid pups during the first three postnatal weeks. Following induction of maternal hypothyroidism, the offspring pups were received right intraplantar injection of different formalin concentrations at 7, 15, and 23 days of age. Significant reduction in weight gain was...

  In this study interaction of three types of calcium channel blockers nifedipine, diltiazem and verapamil on the effects of lead acetate on two types of pain (nociception and inflammation) induced by formalin in mice were examined. In order to study nociception, formalin test was selected because of greater resemblance to clinical pain. Lead acetate (50, 75, l00, 125 and 150 mg/kg) administere...

introduction: hyperalgesia is considered as one the marked signs of subchronic diabetes mellitus that could affect the life style of patients. considering the evidence on the antidiabetic and analgesic effects of nigella sativa (ns), this study was designed to investigate the analgesic effects of ns on formalin-induced nociceptive responses (standard formalin test) in streptozotocin (stz)-induc...