background and objectives: previous studies have shown the antinociceptive effect of morphine in animal models, but the specific anti-pain consequence of the abuse drug in female animals is unclear. the present research showed the morphine antinociception in female wistar rats using formalin test. materials and methods: subjects were 40 female wistar rats purchased from pasteur institute of ira...

abstract introduction: matrix metalloproteinase 2 is one of the inflammatory mediators that is involved in nociceptive processing and its production is regulated by many inflammatory factors such as nitric oxide. we studied the role of mmp-2 on the analgesic effects of nnos inhibitor. methods: considering that nitric oxide has many roles in pain processing, we studied the csf levels of mmp-2 af...

introduction: borago officinalis flower (borage) is a known sedative in herbal medicine the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of borage hydroalcoholic extract in formalin test male rats. methods: fifty-six adult male albino wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: control groups of a (intact), b (saline), and c (positive control) plus test groups of...

objective(s) the present study was undertaken to investigate the nociception activity of promethazine, a tranquillizer devoid of hypnotic activity in mice. materials and methods antinociception was evaluated, using the acetic acid-induced writhing, tail flick, hot plate and formalin pain tests. results promethazine (4 and 6 mg/kg) and acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg) produced a significant inhi...

background and objective: considering the wide side effects of synthetic pain killers, use of herbal drugs in folk medicine as analgesic agents has increased. in the present work, we tried to uncover the pharmacological potential of ethanolic extracts by using various animal models and also to explore the potent antinociceptive effect of the plant thymus kotschyanus. materials and methods: the ...

the present study is a designed protocol for investigation of the analgesic effect of oral and intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of alcoholic datura stramonium (ds) seed extract as a rich source of alkaloid substances. male nmri rats were divided into control and treatment groups. the treatment rats received different doses of the ds seed extract, which was prepared from alcoholic smashed s...

introduction: tanacetum sonbolii (asteraceae) is an endemic species in iran. in the present study, we examined the effects of tanacetum sonbolii hydroalcoholic extract on the formalin test in mice. methods: 126 swiss albino mice weighing 230-280g were used as subjects. the formalin test was performed on two control groups (marked as intact and saline groups n = 6 in each group) and an experimen...

introduction: it is known that acute and chronic stress induce hormonal and neuronal changes which affecting both pain threshold and nociceptive behaviours. orexin plays an important role in modulation of pain and stress. considering pain modulation during stress and the role of orexin in pain and stress, orexin might be involved in pain modulation during stress.we evaluated the involvement of ...

abstractprevious studies have shown the role of opioid receptors located in the nucleus cuneiformis (cnf) in acute pain, but not in chronic pain models. in the present study, we have determined that possible effects of these receptors at the cnf on both early and late phases of formalin test following local and systemic morphine administration. each rat was given a subcutaneous 50-μl injection ...

background and objective: due to the presence of some evidence for anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity of tribulus terrestris (tt), this study was designed to investigate the anti-nociceptive effect of tt in streptozotocin-diabetic rats using formalin test and hot tail immersion tests. materials and methods: rats were divided into control, tt-treated control, diabetic, sodium salicylate (ss)...