We evaluated the effects of zonisamide on inflammatory and neuropathic pain using the mouse formalin test and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice with a reduced withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli, respectively. When administered systemically (subcutaneously, s.c.), intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) or intrathecally (i.t.) before formalin injection, zonisamide (3 and 10 mg/kg, s....

Although formalin-induced activity in primary afferent fibers and spinal dorsal horn is well described, the forebrain neural basis underlying each phase of behavior in formalin test has not yet been clarified. The present study was designed to investigate the cortical and thalamic neuronal responses and interactions among forebrain areas during different phases after subcutaneous injection of f...

The formalin test is a model of injury-produced inflammatory pain. Anesthetics, in clinically relevant concentrations, affect neutrophils and immune suppression. This study was to determine whether halothane reliably inhibits inflammatory reaction and formalin induced pain behavior or does not. Rats were exposed to 100% oxygen (control) or halothane, respectively for 30 min and then 24 hr later...

Gonadal hormones have been shown to exert modulatory effects on nociception and analgesia. To investigate the role of gonadal hormones in the response by female rats to both phasic and persistent nociceptive stimulation, we evaluated the effects of long-term ovariectomy (OVX, 6 months) on the thermal pain threshold and on formalin-induced responses. The thermal pain threshold was evaluated with...

ABSTRAK
 
 Penggunaan Boraks di Indonesia, seperti yang dinyatakan oleh surveilans Keamanan Pangan Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) RI tahun 2009 bahwa penggunaan bahan toksik Indonesia telah mencapai 8,80%. Pada Wilayah Tangerang juga ditemukan sebanyak 25 sampel bakso positif mengandung (25%) rata-rata kandungan boraksnya adalah 806,86 mg/kg.
 Untuk mengetahui Pengaruh ...

Although glucocorticoids inhibit inflammation and are used to treat painful inflammatory rheumatic diseases, the contribution, if any, of endogenous pituitary-adrenocortical activity to the control of pain remains unclear. We report that injection of dilute formalin into the hindpaw not only evokes inflammation and pain-related behavior, but it also increases ACTH and corticosterone to a greate...

BACKGROUND Spinal serotonin (5-HT) receptors 3 (5-HT3R) and 7 (5-HT7R) are differentially involved in facilitatory or inhibitory descending modulation, respectively. Electrophysiological studies of the spinal cord have demonstrated that 5-HT3R is involved in nociception induced by intraplantar injection of formalin, but not carrageenan. In addition, depletion of spinal serotonin has been shown ...

In addition to its effect on reproductive organs, estrogen exhibits complex effects on brain structure, function and behavior. In this regard, the influence of gonadal hormones especially estrogens on nociception has recently been accepted. Soybean is known as an important phytoestrogen containing plant that is used as an alternative for estrogen replacement therapy. In this study, the influenc...

Background and Objectives: Previous studies have shown the antinociceptive effect of morphine in animal models, but the specific anti-pain consequence of the abuse drug in female animals is unclear. The present research showed the morphine antinociception in female Wistar rats using formalin test. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 40 female Wistar rats purchased from Pasteur Institute of Ir...

introduction: in the present study we attempted to investigate the alterations of cytological parameters of nrm (longaxis and intranuclear rods) in the absence of its excitatory vl pag afferent with or without the formalin pain model. materials and methods: we used male rats in 4 groups: 1- control group (n=4), 2- formalin group (n=4), 3- chemical lesion of vl pag by ibotenic acid (0.2 َl, 0.5 َl...