Due to the cross-boundary characteristicof inter-organizational information systems (IOS), its usage is affected by inter-organizational relationships (IORs), which plays an even more important role in China.This paper develops a conceptual model of the influence of IORs on IOS usage and supply chain performance. Based on organizational learning theory, the paper dividespatterns of IOS usage in...

At present, in the new round of scientific and technological development, artificial intelligence brings development opportunities for upgrading traditional industries cultivation emerging industries, which is conducive to economic structure achieve high-quality development. How promote application AI technology manufacturing scene enterprises improvement product quality enterprises? This paper...

As one of the key techniques in multi-representation database, GIS, mapmaking and Digital Earth, automatic cartographic generalization has been intensively researched since decades. Current developments worldwide have been concentrated on the efforts towards adaptive and easily embeddable automatic generalization modules or services. Based on an analysis of the common rules concerning the quali...

In a Two-Level Reverse Distribution Network, products are returned from customers to manufacturers through collection and refurbishing sites. The costs of the reverse chain often overtake the costs of the forward chain by many times. With some known algorithms for the problem as reference, we propose a hybrid memetic algorithm that uses linear programming and a heuristic for defining routes. Mo...

In this process, the hospital practitioner is still the manager of the therapeutic project. But with the distance, he delegates the implementation to the general practitioner with the help of the « field workers ». In this information system, the forward chain carries out the therapeutic protocol (i.e. prescription, medication, etc) and the reverse chain brings back the information about the pa...

This paper considers a range of stochastic models which give the same reserve estimates as the chain-ladder technique. The relationship between the models described by Renshaw and Verrall (Renshaw, A.E., Verrall, R.J., 1998. British Actuarial Journal 4, 903–923) and Mack (Mack, T., 1993. ASTIN Bulletin 23, 213–225) is explored in more detail than previously. Several new models are suggested and...

In this paper we study how value should be regained from returns. We define typical returns and their matching optimal reverse chains. We argue that integration with the forward chain provides the best opportunities, in particular when based on modular reuse. Real closed loop supply chains based on modular reuse however require closing goods flows, but also informational and market loops. To th...