abstractderivative action is an action filed by shareholders against corporatedirectors in order to recover corporate’s rights. this mechanism is set up tohave the directors answerable for their failure in carrying out their duties.prior to the ca 2006, foss v. horbottle rule deprived shareholders of takingany action against directors but in exceptional cases. acknowledging theright of filing d...

High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) coupled with precolumn derivatization was developed for isolating and purifying fructo-oligosaccharides (FOSs). Firstly, the total FOSs were precolumn derivatized and then separated by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) with two-phase solvent system petroleum ether-n-butanol-methanol-water (3:2:1:4, v/v). Secondly, the obtained co...

In this exploratory study, we map the use of free and open source software (FOSS) in the United States energy sector, especially as it relates to cyber security. Through two surveys and a set of semi-structured interviews— targeting both developers and policy makers—we identified key stakeholders, organizations, and FOSS projects, be they rooted in industry, academia, or public policy space tha...

Streptococcus pneumoniae is dependent on carbohydrate uptake for colonization and pathogenesis, and dedicates over a third of its transport systems to their uptake. The ability of the pneumococcus to utilize fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) is attributed to the presence of one of two types of FOS ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Strains encoding SfuABC are only able to utilize short-chain ...

The use of ICT solutions in developmental activities and the deployment of them in modern telecentres have been widely accepted phenomena. In this article, we examine the use of FOSS – Free/Open source software in ICT solutions and categorize them into two types: ‘FOSS in’ and ‘FOSS for’, in order to emphasize the difference between those solutions, where FOSS play a meager or symbolic role and...

The adoption of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) in educational institutions is increasing day by day. Many countries are insisting the use of FOSS in their government sectors and few are in the process of adopting FOSS strategies. The reasons for adopting FOSS are: total cost ownership, free to make copies and distribution, software legality, reliability, availability, performance, securit...