we performed molecular dynamics simulations using the coarse-grained model to study the freezing behavior of pure water and 14% water-salt mixture in a wide range of temperatures for a very long time around 50 nanoseconds. for the salty water, an interface in nanoscale was used. for both systems, the freezing behavior of water molecules was studied using some qualities such as density, total en...

A frozen phase transition model is developed to investigate the heat and mass transfer of a single water droplet during the vacuum freezing process. The model is based on the diffusion-controlled evaporation mechanism and phase transition characteristics. The droplet vacuum freezing process can be divided into three stages according to the droplet states and the time order. It includes the evap...

BACKGROUND Freezing of gait (FOG) remains one of the most common debilitating aspects of Parkinson's disease and has been linked to injuries, falls and reduced quality of life. Although commercially available portable cueing devices exist claiming to assist with overcoming freezing; their immediate effectiveness in overcoming gait initiation failure is currently unknown. This study investigated...

BACKGROUND Freezing of gait is a debilitating and common gait disturbance observed in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the underlying mechanisms of freezing remain unclear, bilateral coordination of steps, measured as a phase coordination index, has been suggested to be related to freezing. Phase coordination index has not, however, been measured during tasks associated with ...

SHEPPARD L.J. 1996. How reproducible are the reactions of stress indicators for Sitka spruce treated with acid mist? Phyton (Horn, Austria) 36 (3): (23) (30). Results of previously published experiments based on open-top chambers and field exposure systems with seedlings, mature grafts and physiologically mature trees (<13m tall) of Sitka spruce exposed to pH 2.5 mist are discussed briefly for ...

Objectives: During exposure to both biotic and abiotic stress, molecular oxygen can undergo reactions that result in the formation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) including singlet oxygen and highly reactive oxygen compounds such as hydrogen peroxide. ROIs and hydrogen peroxide are highly destructive to lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Collectively, the injury resulting from these r...