We show that 5-minute acoustic oscillations may resonantly convert into Alfvén waves in the β∼1 region of the solar atmosphere. Considering the 5-minute oscillations as pumping standing acoustic waves oscillating along unperturbed vertical magnetic field, we find on solving the ideal MHD equations that amplitudes of Alfvén waves with twice the period and wavelength of acoustic waves exponential...

We show that the escape of hydrogen from early Earth's atmosphere likely occurred at rates slower by two orders of magnitude than previously thought. The balance between slow hydrogen escape and volcanic outgassing could have maintained a hydrogen mixing ratio of more than 30%. The production of prebiotic organic compounds in such an atmosphere would have been more efficient than either exogeno...

This  paper  describes  how  English  as  a  Foreign  Language  (EFL)  teachers  can  bring  reliable, valid, user-friendly assessment into their classrooms, and thus improve the quality of learning that  occurs  there.  Based  on  the  experience  of  the  author  as  a  an  EFL  teacher  and  teacher-trainer, it is suggested that the promotion and development of autonomy, intrinsic motivation...

[1] We present a method for deriving constraints on the structure and composition of the lunar atmosphere by using pickup ion measurements from ARTEMIS, mapping observed fluxes from the spacecraft location to derive production rates at the source region, and fitting to a parameterized neutral atmosphere model. We apply this technique to ~12min of high-resolution burst data collected by ARTEMIS ...

The corona is a high-temperature portion of the Sun’s outer atmosphere, beginning slightly above the visible surface and extending hundreds of thousands of kilometers, or further, into interplanetary space. A precise definition of the term “corona” is to some extent dependent on one’s theoretical bias: if the solar atmosphere is viewed as spherically symmetric and homogeneous (“plane-parallel”)...

The major portion of the global nitrogen cycle occurs between vegetation and soil, only minor exchanges generally taking place with the atmosphere and the hydrosphere. Nitrogen conversions in soil are briefly reviewed and a global flow chart for soil nitrogen is presented. The turnover times of nitrogen in various components of this global system are compared with its turnover times in some sel...

This paper empirically tested eight key features of WHO guidelines to age-friendly community by surveying 211 informal caregivers and 402 self-care adults (aged 45 to 85 and above) in Malaysia. We examined the associations of these eight features with active aging and social connectedness through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. A structural model with satisfactory goodness-of-fit ...

malay home surroundings is varies in plants pattern as well as a variety of size. the plants speciescultivated own their particular reasons. malay house environment is so harmony with humans, mother nature alsoculture relationship has visualise a unique environmental design. in this accomplishing research, it will provide anunderstanding of plants adoption of malay house environment. environmen...

the problem which has been the focus of city constructors and architectures since the beginning of citizenship life is the issue of the nature of environmental quality. this study, with a review of explaining paradigms of environmental quality and by reliance on basic works, has assumed the question of nature of environmental quality an interdisciplinary concept (civic construction, sociology, ...