To begin my personal reflection of Circulation Research, I would like to congratulate Eduardo Marbán and all the other Editors in commemoration of 50 years of this venerable journal. It is really a most honorable privilege for me to write this editorial, for Circulation Research was highly influential in encouraging me as a clinical cardiologist to become a scientific researcher. In 1970, I sta...

Particle physics aims to understand the universe around us. The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics describes the basic structure of matter and the forces through which matter interacts, to the extent we have been able to probe thus far. However, it leaves some big questions unanswered. Some are within the SM itself, such as why there are so many fundamental particles and why they have diff...

Enhanced online at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/ content/full/295/5555/629 the business-as-usual scenario of frontier expansion may provoke rapid deforestation, releasing several billion tons of carbon to the atmosphere, while increasing the occurrence of accidental forest fire, species loss, and deforestationdriven rainfall inhibition (1, 2). However, economic development is vital, as most of the 17...

Performance guarantees for online learning algorithms typically take the form of regret bounds, which express that the cumulative loss overhead compared to the best expert in hindsight is small. In the common case of large but structured expert sets we typically wish to keep the regret especially small compared to simple experts, at the cost of modest additional overhead compared to more comple...

D. Akerib, A. Albayrak-Yetkin, J. Alexander, J. Anderson, M. Artuso, D. Asner, R. Ball, M. Battaglia, C. Bebek, J. Beene, Y. Benhammou, E. Bentefour, M. Bergevin, A. Bernstein, B. Bilki, E. Blucher, G. Bolla, D. Bortoletto, N. Bowden, G. Brooijmans, K. Byrum, B. Cabrera, G. Cancelo, J. Carlstrom, B. Casey, C. Chang, J. Chapman, C. H. Chen, I. Childres, D. Christian, M. Convery, W. Cooper, J. Co...

We introduce a new bidirectional search algorithm, SingleFrontier Bidirectional Search (SFBDS). Unlike traditional BDS which keeps two frontiers, SFBDS uses a single frontier. At a particular node we can decide to search from start to goal or from goal to start, choosing the direction with the highest potential for minimizing the total work done. We provide theoretical analysis that explains wh...

Many educators and policymakers have argued for lenient grade promotion policy – even automatic promotion – in developing country settings where grade repetition rates are high. The argument rests on the assumptions that repetition discourages persistence or continuation in school and that the promotion of children with lower achievement does not hamper their ability or their peer’s ability to ...

We have developed numerical methods and performed numerical simulations of the proposed Muon Collider target. The target will be designed as a pulsed jet of mercury interacting with strong proton beams in a 20 Tesla magnetic field. A numerical approach based on the method of front tracking for numerical simulation of magnetohydrodynamic flows in discontinuous media was implemented in FronTier, ...

This paper introduces a new face coding scheme which employs an Enhanced Fisher Classifier (EFC) operating on integrated shape and intensity features. The dimensionalities of the shape and the intensity image spaces are first reduced using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), constrained by the EFC for enhanced generalization. The reduced shape and the intensity features are then integrated thro...