In Bangladesh, Fusarium proliferatum is a prevalent pathogen of maize plants that poses significant threat to human health and livestock by producing carcinogenic fumonisin. However, the use Bacillus species, which can colonize infected plant parts, has been practiced globally mitigate fumonisin contamination in maize. this study, B. subtilis MMM1, native isolate from rhizosphere, was found be ...

The potential risk of exposure to fumonisin B(2) (FB(2)) in the grape-wine chain has recently been revealed after a report of Aspergillus niger in grapes and its ability to produce FB(2) and FB(4). The occurrence of these two fumonisins in wine was investigated by LC/MS/MS in 51 market samples (45 red, five white and one rose wine) produced in various Italian regions. Nine samples of red wine w...

Disease outbreaks have been recorded due to exposure Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin, a mycotoxin produced by this fungus. F. is fungal pathogen of maize that causes infections, such as wilting rotting, while contact with its fumonisin derivative manifests in the form mild severe illnesses humans animals. Maize infection loss or reduction expected crop yield, thereby influencing househol...

In 1995, ears of a experimental inbred (CG59-2) containing a synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis Cry IA (b) gene driven by PEPC, pith and pollen promoters and artificially infested with Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) larvae in small plot studies were free from insect damage, whereas 40-50% of the corresponding non-Bt inbred ears were damaged. Bt inbred ears that were inoculated with Aspergillus flavu...

The fungus Fusarium verticillioides infects maize (Zea mays L.) ears and kernels, resulting in Fusarium ear rot disease, reduced grain yields, and contamination of grain with the mycotoxin fumonisin. Hybrid maize breeding programs involve selection for both inbred and hybrid performance; the emphasis placed on inbred versus hybrid selection depends on heritability of and the genetic correlation...

Filamentous fungi that contaminate livestock feeds and human food supply often produce toxigenic secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins. Among the hundreds of known mycotoxins, aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone are considered the most commercially important. Intense research on these mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin, has resulted in the development of ‘biom...

The mycotoxin fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) is a frequent contaminant of feed and causes various adverse health effects in domestic animals. Hence, effective strategies are needed to prevent the impact of fumonisins on livestock productivity. Here we evaluated the capability of the fumonisin carboxylesterase FumD to degrade FB₁ to its less toxic metabolite hydrolyzed FB₁ (HFB₁) in the gastrointestinal tra...

Fumonisin mycotoxins occur worldwide in corn and corn-based foods. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a rodent liver carcinogen and suspected human carcinogen. It inhibits ceramide synthase and increases tissue sphinganine (Sa) and sphingosine (So) concentrations. Events linking disruption of sphingolipid metabolism and fumonisin toxicity are not fully understood; however, Sa and So were shown to bind mouse...

Most tropical fruits after harvest are very perishable because of fungal infection. Since some pathogenic fungi can produce hazardous compounds such as mycotoxins, novel rapid and effective methods to assess those hazardous compounds are urgently needed. Herein we report that Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Q67, a luminescent bacterium, can be used to rapidly assess the toxicities of mycotoxins and cul...