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Abstract I define two metaphysical positions that anti-physicalists can take in response to Jonathan Schaffer’s ground functionalism. Ground functionalism is a version of physicalism where explanatory gaps are everywhere. If true, arguments against based on the gap between physical and experiential facts fail. In response, first, argue some already safe from challenge. These reject an underlyin...

If we assume that conscious experiences exist and can be represented by sets, then conscious experiences are not identical to functional relations, no matter what mathematical structure one chooses to model such relations. This is the content of the Scrambling Theorem. The proof is trivial: any mathematical structure on one set of conscious experiences can be transported, intact, to any other s...

The article deals with the epistemological dimensions of the method of functional analysis of equivalence. This more general epistemological discussion enables the discovery of common heuristic grounds in the quantitative (explanation) and qualitative (understanding) methodologies in the social sciences . There are three main topics of interest . First, theoretical reasons for the formulation o...