This paper presents a Galerkin-based meshless method for calculating stress-intensity factors (SIFs) for a stationary crack in two-dimensional functionally graded materials of arbitrary geometry. The method involves an element-free Galerkin method (EFGM), where the material properties are smooth functions of spatial coordinates and two newly developed interaction integrals for mixed-mode fractu...

This study develops a micromechanical damage model for two-phase functionally graded materials considering the interfacial debonding of particles and pair-wise interactions between particles. Given an applied mechanical loading, in the particle-matrix zones, the interactions from all other particles over the representative volume element are integrated to calculate the homogenized elastic field...

Presented in this paper is a novel additive manufacturing technology for making three-dimensional parts with functionally graded materials (FGMs), called Freeze-form Extrusion Fabrication (FEF). The system development included extruder modeling and control, composition gradient control for a tripleextruder mechanism, and motion code generation for a 3-axis positioning system. The effectiveness ...

This paper presents an overview on applications of HFS-FEM to functionally graded materials. Recent developments on the hybrid fundamental solution (HFS) based finite element model (FEM) of steady-state heat transfer, transient heat conduction, nonlinear heat transfer, and elastic problems of functionally graded materials (FGMs) are described. Formulations for all cases are derived by means of ...

Vapor-deposition techniques are emerging as an economical and flexible way of fabricating multiphase materials with spatially varying architectures. The aim of this work is to design architectures that exploit the concept of functional grading. We consider two basic problems; the first is the computation of the response of an infinite plate with a circular hole to a remote symmetric radial load...

The spatially distributed microstructures needed to implement many functionally graded material (FGM) designs are difficult to realize affordably with today's materials synthesis/processing technologies. To address this need, a new directed vapor deposition (DVD) technique has been developed and explored as a potential FGM synthesis tool. The technique exploits supersonic helium jets in combina...