objective(s) the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone on striatal dopaminergic, glutamatergic and gamma amino butyric acid (gaba) ergic neurotransmission in normal and parkinsonian rats. materials and methods dexamethasone (0.15, 0.30, 0.60 and 0.8 mg/kg) was administered to normal or parkinsonian rats (i.p.) followed by the analysis of the striatal neurotransmitters c...

the most important risk factors for anxiety disorders include genes, early life stress, and current stress. these factors do not act independently but interact with each other throughout human development through examples such as epigenetic modifications and complex forms of learning. the neural substrate of pathological anxiety includes hyperactivity in the amygdala and other limbic brain regi...

GABAergic drugs can change analgesic effect of morphine. Wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons play an important role in pain transmission and may change behaviors in morphine tolerance. In this study WDR neuron behaviors in morphine tolerant rats and rats treated with GABA agonists, were recorded to elucidate the effect of morphine and GABA agonists on WDR behavioral changes. Rats were divided to 4...

GABAergic drugs can change analgesic effect of morphine. Wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons play an important role in pain transmission and may change behaviors in morphine tolerance. In this study WDR neuron behaviors in morphine tolerant rats and rats treated with GABA agonists, were recorded to elucidate the effect of morphine and GABA agonists on WDR behavioral changes. Rats were divided to 4...

Commonly used neuroimaging approaches in humans exploit hemodynamic or metabolic indicators of brain function. However, fundamental gaps remain in our ability to relate such hemo-metabolic reactivity to neurotransmission, with recent reports providing paradoxical information regarding the relationship among basal perfusion, functional imaging contrast, and neurotransmission in awake humans. Her...

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important bioactive compound biosynthesized by microorganisms through decarboxylation of glutamate by glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). In this study, a full-length GAD gene was obtained by cloning the template deoxyribonucleic acid to pTZ57R/T vector. The open reading frame of the GAD gene showed the cloned gene was composed of 1410 nucleotides and encoded a 4...

A) Representative recording samples showing the membrane potential recorded from POMC neurons following treatment with leptin (leptin; 100nM) at 2.5 mM glucose in the absence (left) or presence (right) of the GABA A receptor antagonist picrotoxin (100 M) without glutamatergic influences. Leptin reduced POMC neuronal activity in the absence of the GABA A receptor antagonist, whereas POMC neuron...

A 1.45 kb DNA sequence encoding the rat or6 GABA A receptor subunit (nucleotides 33-1483) was cloned from a Sprague-Dawley rat brain cDNA library by PCR amplification. Dideoxy sequencing of two individual clones revealed that the nucleotide sequence differed at only one basepair (T '~° --* G) from that published previously. This difference altered the deduced amino acid sequence, producing a co...

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)-activated channels in embryonic (5-8 wk old) human dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in dissociated culture were characterized by whole cell and single-channel techniques. All DRG neurons when held at negative holding membrane potentials displayed inward current to micromolar concentrations of GABA applied by pressure pulses from closely positioned micropipettes....