objective: methanol extract of bran and unpolished grain of two traditional aromatic rice genotypes viz. kalijira and chinigura were assayed for their activity on the growth and initiation of crown-gall tumors on potato disks. materials and methods: three agrobacterium tumefaciens (a. tumefaciens) strain atsl0105, atta0112, and atac0114 were used as the tumor forming agent. collected rice was s...

The influence of temperature, shoot age, and medium on gall induction by Subanguina picridis on Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens) was examined in vitro. The optimal temperature for gall formation was 20 C. Gall induction was delayed as the temperature decreased, and decreased as shoot age increased. Bud primordia (0-day-old shoots and 5-day-old shoots) with an average length of 4.2 mm and 7....

This survey investigated the relationship between gall morphology and some fitness components in the asexual generation of Cynips quercusfolii L. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Results showed that larger C. quercusfolii galls were formed on the south side of oak trees Quercus infectoria Olivier (Fagales: Fagaceae). Larval chamber diameter in the gall was similar, but gall diameter and gall wall thic...

Fifty two diabetic patients and 15 healthy control subjects were prospectively studied for their gall bladder function by ultrasound examination. The fasting gall bladder volume (FGBV) was calculated by using ellipse formula from the dimensions of gall bladder shadow seen on ultrasound screen in two different cuts. The contractility of gall bladder was measured by calculating post prandial ejec...

Biliary excretion scintigraphy with a cholagogic test meal may be used to assess patients with suspected disorders of gall bladder motility. The interpretation of results is frustrated, however, by the lack of information about the range of normal responses in a form suitable for comparative analysis. We present the results of 41 gall bladder emptying studies on 32 normal healthy subjects (14 m...

Of 406 consecutive patients with gall-bladder stones, 387 were treated by cholecystectomy and 19 were treated with chenodeoxycholic acid. The gall stones found in 356 of the 387 patients at operation were analysed chemically for cholesterol and calcium, physically for number, size, and mass, and radiologically before cholecystectomy for stone lucency. Gall stones rich in cholesterol (greater th...

Free amino acid constituents were determined of grape stem and Phylloxera leaf gall callus in tissue culture. Fast, medium and slow growing single cell clones of, respectively, stem and gall origins were grown on a mineral salt-sucrose medium supplemented with coconut milk and alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid. Stem and gall clones showed qualitative similarities and quantitative variations in the a...

chinaberry (melia azedarach l.) is a beautiful tree indigenous to the himalayas that grows as a native plant in iran. symptoms similar to bacterial gall have been observed on the crown, shoot and twig of chinaberry, a recent landscape tree since 2003-2004 in shiraz, fars province, south of iran. a gram negative bacterium was isolated from the galls. the isolates did not produce fluorescent pigm...

BACKGROUND Endoscopic sphincterotomy has been shown to inhibit stone formation in the gall bladder of experimental animals. AIMS To investigate the alterations in bile composition and gall bladder motility after endoscopic sphincterotomy. PATIENTS A study was performed of gall bladder bile composition and gall bladder motility in patients with gallstone disease ((n = 20; age 40-60 years, me...

Background and aims—Even if the motor activity of the gall bladder and sphincter of Oddi (SO) are integrated, it is not known if the presence of stones in the gall bladder aVects SO function. The aim of the study was to compare SO motor activity in patients with and without gall stones. Patients and methods—In a series of 155 patients consecutively submitted to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopa...