Galls are highly specialized plant tissues whose development is induced by another organism. The most complex and diverse galls are those induced on oak trees by gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), each species inducing a characteristic gall structure. Debate continues over the possible adaptive signi¢cance of gall structural traits; some protect the gall inducer from attack by natura...

rosmarinus officinalis is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants around the world. essential oil as a weapon against biotic and abiotic stresses plays an important role in essential oil bearing plants. in this study the essential oil content and constituent of plants containing bacterium-gall on the shoots and crown was compared with non-contaminated plants. essential oil perce...

Comparative studies were performed on two native lamprey species, Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) and western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni) from the Pacific coast along with sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) from the Great Lakes, to investigate their bile acid production and release. HPLC and ELISA analyses of the gall bladders and liver extract revealed that the major bile acid com...

herbivory is observed in different forms, one of these forms leading to gall production. among gall–inducing insects, oak gall wasps (hymenoptera: cynipidae) are found on the oak trees producing galls on certain parts of the host. in this survey, oak gall wasps were collected from oak forests in west azerbaijan in spring (2010). the occurred galls on oak trees (in spring) were collected from su...

The present study aimed at a further evaluation of the role of glycoproteins in the formation of cholesterol gall stones in man. An electron microscopic morphometric study of the gall bladder epithelium was performed in six gall stone free subjects and 12 gall stone patients. Six of the gall stone patients were treated with ursodeoxycholic acid three weeks before cholecystectomy. The number and...

Several biliary proteins have cholesterol crystallisation promoting activity. One of these glycoproteins is aminopeptidase-N, a canalicular ectoenzyme. This study attempted to localise aminopeptidase-N along the biliary tree, to assess its concentration in a series of 98 patients subjected to abdominal surgery, 40 of them without gall stones, and to correlate its concentration with cholesterol ...

The development of gall shapes has been attributed to the feeding behavior of the galling insects and how the host tissues react to galling stimuli, which ultimately culminate in a variable set of structural responses. A superhost of galling herbivores, Copaifera langsdorffii, hosts a bizarre "horn-shaped" leaflet gall morphotype induced by an unidentified species of Diptera: Cecidomyiidae. By ...

Gall bladder perforation in a serious clinical condition. A definitive diagnosis is contentious before surgery. Perforated gall bladder poses a challenge due to high morbidity & mortality. We discuss a case of an old lady with rheumatoid arthritis, taking steroid, presented with acute abdomen. C.T. scan demonstrated a perforated gall bladder with evidence of gall stones. The patient underwent a...

Dr. Parry's Elements of Pathology and Therapeutics. ( Continued from page 159. ) TV E shall pass entirely over two sections in our author's work?one on the structure and functions of the Nervous System ; the other on the Mental Faculties. In the first are many accurate and ingenious anatomical remarks, tho' we think he has eulogised rather too highly, Messrs. Gall and Spurzheim. In the second, ...

A 14 year old girl with multiseptate gall bladder and cystic dilatation of the biliary tree is presented. This is the 20th published case report of patients with multiseptate gall bladder and only the second to be associated with a choledochal cyst. The cystic spaces of the gall bladder did not communicate with the neck of the gall bladder or the rest of the biliary tree, and this unusual featu...