In recent decades, the momentum of global environmental protection has culminated in the Kyoto Agreement of 1998, placing the limelight on “green” issues. This paper argues that the protection of environmental systems involves a fragile balance between the costs of environment preservation and the profit motivations of industrialists. In particular, one of the issues that needs to be addressed ...

This article establishes a family of models for pricing interest rate sensitive claims when the underlying interest rate is driven by a two state variable GARCH process. Analytical solutions are established for the case when the innovations in the short rate are combinations of a normal and chi-squared random variables and the volatility of rates takes on a special GARCH form. GARCH models that...

This paper develops the method for pricing bivariate contingent claims under General Autoregressive Conditionally Heteroskedastic (GARCH) process. In order to provide a general framework being able to accommodate skewness, leptokurtosis, fat tails as well as the time varying volatility that are often found in financial data, generalized hyperbolic (GH) distribution is used for innovations. As t...

We develop a class of Minimum Distance Estimators for semi-strong Nonlinear ARMAX-Nonlinear GARCH processes. The estimators are asymptotically normal for possibly very heavy-tailed data due to underlying shocks and/or model parameter values. In particular we only impose trivial moment conditions on the GARCH errors, covering non-stationary GARCH. The MDE class is couched within a Method of Mome...

We are interested in the parametric class of Bilinear GARCH (BL-GARCH) models which are capable of simultaneously capturing the well known properties of financial retrun series, volatility clustering and leverage effects. Specifically, as it is often observed that the distribution of many financial time series data has heavy tails, heavier than the Normal distribution, we examine, in this paper...

Abstract: We study so–called augmented GARCH sequences, which include many submodels of considerable interest, such as polynomial and exponential GARCH. To model the returns of speculative assets, it is particularly important to understand the behaviour of the squares of the observations. The main aim of this paper is to present a strong approximation for the sum of the squares. This will be ac...

Investment funds in China started in 1991. After 20 years of development, the mutual fund industry is now offering a rich product line for investors. At present, individual investors hold about 90% of the mutual fund with more than 90,000,000 fund accounts. Mutual fund purchasing has become the preferred way of managing money for urban residents in China. This paper study on risk assessment met...

We present a new procedure for detecting multiple additive outliers in GARCH(1,1) models at unknown dates. The outlier candidates are the observations with the largest standardized residual. First, a likelihood-ratio based test determines the presence and timing of an outlier. Next, a second test determines the type of additive outlier (volatility or level). The tests are shown to be similar wi...

The aim of this paper is to forecast (out-of-sample) the distribution of financial returns based on realized volatility measures constructed from high-frequency returns. We adopt a semi-parametric model for the distribution by assuming that the return quantiles depend on the realized measures and evaluate the distribution, quantile and interval forecasts of the quantile model in comparison to a...