The relationship between gasoline prices and the demand for vehicle fuel efficiency is important for environmental policy but poorly understood in the academic literature. We provide empirical evidence that automobile manufacturers price as if consumers respond to gasoline prices. We derive a reduced-form regression equation from theoretical micro-foundations and estimate the equation with near...

Air pollution caused by traffic transportation, fuel combustions and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) composition of gasoline, has progressed to be a serious health problem in Bangkok, Thailand, especially among occupational workers as gasoline station workers (Land transportation department, 2000; Muttamara and Leong, 2000). Exposure to gasoline vapors is classified by the International Agenc...

Biomaterials are low cost,easily transportable and biodegradable with time.Few exampls are cellulose,chitoson and gelatin. Here we used cellulose as a base material for designing box type sensor using Comsol Tool for the detection of bio-analytes such as engine oil,ethnal,gasoline and mercury.Results shown that differential deflection and resonant frequency as found among tested analytes.Highes...

I won’t say much about point (1.) at this stage, we will talk more about it on the day we discuss the results of the problem set. I might only say that the US is rather unusual in having quite low taxes on gasoline and therefore has quite low gasoline prices and relatively high per-capita gasoline demand. See the chart reproduced from the Economist. We have several basic formulations of the the...

Gasoline-powered vehicles produce many negative externalities including congestion, air pollution, global climate change, and accidents. A gasoline tax is perhaps the best policy to jointly address these externalities. This paper calculates the optimal gasoline tax for China. Using a model developed by Parry and Small [1] [2], we calculate the optimal adjusted Pigovian tax in China to be $1.58/...

background: exposure to organic solvents is common among workers. objective: to assess neurobehavioral effects of long-term exposure to organic solvents among rubber workers in tehran, iran. methods: across-sectional study was conducted on 223 employees of a rubber industry. the participants completed a data collection sheet on their occupational and medical history, and demographic characteris...

Calculations are described of knock suppression using direct ethanol injection in spark ignition gasoline/ethanol engines. The calculations show that evaporative cooling from direct ethanol injection, coupled with the high octane rating of ethanol, can be highly effective in inhibiting knock, thereby allowing use of small turbocharged engines with substantially increased efficiency. The calcula...

There have been a number of gasoline specifications that have changed or have been considered for change in the past few years. The most prominent of these changes has been summer volatility restrictions, wintertime oxygenated fuel requirements, and reformulated gasoline requirements which incorporate year-round oxygenate requirements and summertime emission requirements. For reasons described ...

Exposure to the aromatic hydrocarbon is a public health problem and threat to environment with proven harmful impact on humanity, including industrial workers and general population. Petrol station attendants are workers chronically exposed at least five year to petroleum derivatives primarily through inhalation of the volatile fraction of petrol during vehicle refueling. Significant include ha...

This paper presents the effects of introducing hydrogen with gasoline on the engine performance like power, torque and efficiency of spark ignition (SI) engine. Hydrogen is found to be one of the important energy substitutes of the future era. Hydrogen as a renewable energy source provides the potential for a sustainable development, particularly in the automotive and energy storing sector. Hyd...