In many organisms, single neural stem cells can generate both neurons and glia. How are these different cell types produced from a common precursor? In Drosophila, glial cells missing (gcm) is necessary and sufficient to induce glial development in the CNS. gcm mRNA has been reported to be asymmetrically localized to daughter cells during precursor cell division, allowing the daughter cell to p...

In Part I of this study it was shown that air–sea coupling had a positive impact on some aspects of the simulation of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) by a GCM. However, errors in the basic-state climate of that GCM appeared to be preventing the MJO-related convection from propagating into the west Pacific. In this paper, the actual impact of these errors will be addressed. An integration of...

Neurons and glial cells depend on similar developmental pathways and often originate from common precursors; however, the differentiation of one or the other cell type depends on the activation of cell-specific pathways. In Drosophila, the differentiation of glial cells depends on a transcription factor, Glide/Gcm. This glial-promoting factor is both necessary and sufficient to induce the centr...

The Drosophila visual system consists of the compound eyes and the optic ganglia in the brain. Among the eight photoreceptor (R) neurons, axons from the R1-R6 neurons stop between two layers of glial cells in the lamina, the most superficial ganglion in the optic lobe. Although it has been suggested that the lamina glia serve as intermediate targets of R axons, little is known about the mechani...

[1] Box models of the ocean/atmosphere CO2 system rely on mechanisms at polar outcrops to alter the strength of the ocean’s organic carbon pump. GCM-based carbon system models are reportedly less sensitive to the same processes. Here we separate the carbon pumps in a three-box model and the GCM-based Princeton Ocean Biogeochemistry Model to show how the organic pumps operate in the two kinds of...

Executive Summary Galois-Counter-Mode (GCM) is a block cipher mode of operation that uses universal hashing over a binary Galois field to provide authenticated encryption. Galois Hash is used for authentication, and the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) block cipher is used for encryption in counter mode of operation. This paper describes an optimized implementation of GCM benefiting from the ...

A novel strategy is proposed for the efficient simulation of geochemical tracers in ocean models. The method captures the tracer advection and diffusion in a general circulation model (GCM) without any alteration (or even knowledge) of the GCM code. In comparison with offline tracer models, the proposed method is considerably more efficient and automatically includes all parameterizations of un...

I n this issue of Circulation, Larsen et al 1 report a new variant of giant cell myocarditis (GCM) with lone involvement of the atria and preserved left ventricular function. The diagnosis was supported not only by histology but also by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showing atrial dilatation and wall thickening with marked edema, sparing the ventricles. The isolated atrial involvement was ...

An improvement on the dust emission scheme in the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM T. Cheng, Y. Peng, J. Feichter, and I. Tegen Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146, Hamburg, Germany Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China Ca...

In any parallel computing experiment scalability limits the extent to which available computational resources can be used gainfully. In India, though parallel meteorological computing has been in use for over two decades, the issue of scalability has been elusive. The present paper analyses the issues impeding scalability in existing parallelization strategy and proposes alternative having supe...