This paper presents a global scale assessment of the impact of climate change on water scarcity. Patterns of climate change from 21 Global Climate Models (GCMs) under four SRES scenarios are applied to a global hydrological model to estimate water resources across 1339 watersheds. The Water Crowding Index (WCI) and the Water Stress Index (WSI) are used to calculate exposure to increases and dec...

The Southern Oscillation (SO) is usually described as the atmospheric component of the dynamically coupled El Niño–Southern Oscillation phenomenon. The contention in this work, however, is that dynamical coupling is not required to produce the SO. Simulations with atmospheric general circulation models that have varying degrees of coupling to the ocean are used to show that the SO emerges as a ...

We investigate how sea surface temperatures (SSTs) around Antarctica respond to the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) on multiple timescales. To that end we examine the relationship between SAM and SST within unforced preindustrial control simulations of coupled general circulation models (GCMs) included in the Climate Modeling Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). We develop a technique to extrac...

Accurate replication of the processes associated with the energetics of the tropical ocean is necessary if coupled GCMs are to simulate the physics of ENSO correctly, including the transfer of energy from the winds to the ocean thermocline and energy dissipation during the ENSO cycle. Here, we analyze ocean energetics in coupled GCMs in terms of two integral parameters describing net energy los...

Due to the considerable biases in general circulation models (GCMs) simulation, bias correction methods are required and widely applied reduce model for impact studies. This study evaluated performance of two methods, quantile delta mapping (QDM) scaled distribution (SDM), generating high-resolution daily maximum temperature (Tmax) minimum (Tmin) projections Canada using latest GCMs from Couple...

Abstract. This study investigates present and future European heat wave magnitudes, represented by the Heat Wave Magnitude Index-daily (HWMId), for regional climate models (RCMs) driving global (GCMs) over Europe. A subset of large EURO-CORDEX ensemble is employed to sources uncertainties related choice GCMs, RCMs, their combinations. We initially compare evaluation runs RCMs driven ERA-interim...

Thermal ionization mass spectrometry (T I M S). Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (F A B M S). . Inductively coupled mass spectrometry (I C P M S) Electron impact mass spectrometry (E I M S) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). Dosage considerations. Intrinsic or extrinsic tag. Intestinal transit time and study length Endogenously excreted elements .

Within the context of a working group supported by ISSI (Bern, Switzerland), we have made an intercomparison work between Global Circulation Models using simplified parameterizations for radiative forcing and other physical processes. Even with similar schemes and parameters, the different GCMs produce different circulations, illustrating interesting differences between dynamical model cores.