background: a common, early postpartum concern of the breastfeeding mother is nipple pain. because of a lack of effective treatment and opposing results about lanolin, we decided to compare the effect of lanolin ointment and aloe vera gel on nipple soreness treatment. methods: this clinical blind trial was performed in mashhad, iran, from february 2008 to may 2009. sampling was nonrandom and pu...

this study determined the effects of carboxymethylcellulose gel on rheological properties of bread dough, quality parameters for barbari bread (volume, specific volume, hardness and softness of texture, cooking loss, water activity), and sensory properties of fresh bread. hydrocolloid carboxymethylcellulose (cmc) was added at 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% w/w (flour basis) to wheat flour. a farinograph was us...

ag/tio2 photocatalytic nanoparticles by two methods, the sol – gel using a reducing agent and spattering was produced. crystalline phase of titanium dioxide was investigated in both. ag/tio2 peak in the sol – gel method at temperatures of 300,500 and 6000c were studied. ag/tio2 peak at different temperatures were determined using the spattering. xrd patterns of calcined this is tio2 and ag/ tio2.

nanostructured alumina thin films were coated on stainless steel by sol-gel dip coating method. in order to prevent crack formation, al2o3 films were kept in a solvent bath immediately after coating to reduce the rate of drying. effects of calcination temperature and withdrawal speed on structural properties were analyzed using xrd and sem. topography and thickness of coatings were analyzed by ...

the composite powders of barium-magnesium ferrite were prepared using sol-gel auto-combustion and microwave methods. the crystal structure and the shape of nanocomposites have been compared. x-ray diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microscope (sem) and vibrating sample magnetometer (vsm) were used to investigate the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of nanopowder. the formatio...

background: accurate small radiation field dosimetry is essential in modern radiotherapy techniques such as stereotactic radiosurgery (srs) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (imrt). precise measurement of dosimetric parameters such as beam profile, percentage depth doses and output factor of these beams are complicated due to the electron disequilibrium and the steep dose gradients. in the p...

in this article, hybrid organic-inorganic materials were prepared by free radical copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (hema) and 3-methacryloxy-propyltrimethoxysilane (mptms) via sol-gel process. the methoxysilane-containing copolymer precursors were synthesized at different compositions. these copolymer precursors were then hydrolyzed and condensed to produce phema-sio2 nanocomposi...

the austenitic stainless steel (ss) has been used as a material for  building  ultra  high  vacuum  (uhv)  chamber.  recently significant  efforts  have  been  concerned  a  comparing  the standard  cleaned  for  ultra  high  vacuum,  passivity  stainless. in  this work austenitic  nanocomposites were  synthesize by sol-  gel method. the morphologies  and  topographies  of  the samples  have  b...

the dried nitrate-urea gels exhibit the combination of autoicatatric combustion behavior and ultrasonic, whichcan be used to synthesize the nanocatalyst ferrite powders. cu and ni unites nanocatalyst powders sithcomposition of caned], and nife204 were synthesized by a sol-gel auto catalnic combustion process. themolar ratio between metal ions and urea was 11.2. the sob gel process was done at 8...