BACKGROUND Glyphosate-based herbicides are the most widely used pesticides in agriculture, horticulture, municipalities and private gardens that can potentially contaminate nearby water bodies inhabited by amphibians and algae. Moreover, the development and diversity of these aquatic organisms could also be affected by human-induced climate change that might lead to more periods with extreme te...

in order to investigate the absorption and translocation of glyphosate and 2,4-d during various stages of growth in swallow-worts weed populations, this study was carried out in 2010 at the iranian agricultural, medical and industerial research institute of atomic energy organization. treatments used in this study included three different stages of growth, four weed ecotypes of swallow-worts, a...

Herbicide resistant weed populations have developed due to the repeated application of herbicides. Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 can have positive effects on weed growth, but how rising CO2 might affect herbicide resistant weeds is not known. Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) ecotypes known to be resistant or susceptible to glyphosate herbicide were exposed to either ambient or ...

Soybean is an important crop worldwide. Soybean cultivars differ in their sensitivity to soil salinity and herbicide damage. In these experiments, we examined the impact of salinization and herbicide (imazethapyr and chlorimuron) application on the growth and yield of two soybean cultivars, Essex and Manokin. Experiments were conducted in small pots in the greenhouse, in outdoor sand cultures, ...

Implications of increasing labour costs and the development of herbicide resistance for profitable weed management in Philippine rice farming systems are investigated. The study employs RIMPhil (Resistance and Integrated Management in the Philippines), a bioeconomic simulation model developed to provide a comprehensive assessment of integrated weed management programmes for the control of annua...

In his News Focus article "GM crops in the cross hairs" (26 Nov., p. 1662), Dan Ferber refers to the assessment by Charles Benbrook of the effect that the introduction of Roundup Ready crops has had on herbicide use, concluding that the benefits are not clear-cut. We disagree with this conclusion. Changes in herbicide use are largely meaningless unless relative environmental and health risks ar...

Triazine herbicides inhibit photosynthesis by blocking electron transport in photosystem II. The target site of the herbicide was identified as a chloroplast thylakoid polypeptide (the Q B protein) o f 32,000 daltons. Studies o f triazine-resistant weed biotypes suggested that a subtle change in the QB protein caused the resistance. We have cloned the chloroplast gene (psbA) that codes this pro...

Farmland biodiversity is an important characteristic when assessing sustainability of agricultural practices and is of major international concern. Scientific data indicate that agricultural intensification and pesticide use are among the main drivers of biodiversity loss. The analysed data and experiences do not support statements that herbicide-resistant crops provide consistently better yiel...