crop residue is a non-chemical method of weed control in agricultural sustainable systems. this research was conducted at the alarogh site of ardabilto evaluate the effect of integrated use of mulch and herbicide on weed emergence and growth in potato in 2007. treatments were four levels herbicide including: (1) paraquat [n,n'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride] herbicide as pre-pl...

Glyphosate-resistant corn and soybean are grown in rotations in the Midwest, including Nebraska. Volunteer corn is a problematic weed in soybean fields because it causes harvest problems, reduces yield and seed quality, and potentially harbors insects, pests, and diseases. Several pre-packaged herbicides have been registered in soybean in recent years, but response of volunteer corn to these he...

Until today, herbicide-tolerant (HT) transgenic crops have been the most widely used type of transgenic crops. In 2008, worldwide, 63% of all agricultural land devoted to transgenic crops involved HT transgenic ones, and the percentage was higher (85%) when the herbicide-tolerant trait was stacked with another. In addition, other HT crops are foreseen within the next five years if we are to bel...

Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] is a broad spectrum, post emergent herbicide and is among the most widely used agricultural chemicals globally. Initially developed to control the growth of weed species in agriculture, this herbicide also plays an important role in both modern silviculture and domestic weed control. The creation of glyphosate tolerant crop species has significantly incr...

Herbicide mixtures are commonly used in agriculture to broaden the spectrum of weed control. The interactions or the combinations may be desirable or undesirable. Acetachlor at 150g/ha applied and ready mix application of anilofos and ethoxysulfuron at 780 g /ha provide effective control of weeds with higher grain yield. Tank mix application of metribuzin with isoproturon at 1.0 kg/ha, clodinof...

The genetic basis for susceptibility or nonsusceptibility of plants to viruses is understood poorly. Two selectable tobacco etch virus (TEV) strains were developed for identification of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with either gain-of-susceptibility or loss-of-susceptibility phenotypes. These strains conferred a conditional-survival phenotype to Arabidopsis based on systemic expression of herbi...

Results are presented from a three gene population genetics and dynamics model of herbicide resistance in annual ryegrass. The models predictions are compared with those of other one and two gene resistance models to validate the modelling approach which will ultimately be used to develop a five-gene herbicide resistance model. The importance of initial gene frequencies for resistance in unsele...

37 Introduction 38 Materials and methods 40 Results 45 Discussion 56 Literature cited 60 IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 63

The bacterial reaction center (RC), a membrane photosynthetic protein, has been adsorbed onto a glass surface by alternating deposition with the cationic polymer poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDDA) obtaining as an end result an ordinate polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) where the protein retains its integrity and photoactivity over a period of several months. Such a system has been cha...

In a genome context, sugarcane is a classic orphan crop, in that no genome and only very few genes have been assembled. We have devised a novel exome assembly methodology that has allowed us to assemble and characterize 49 genes that serve as herbicide targets, safener interacting proteins, and members of herbicide detoxification pathways within the sugarcane genome. We have structurally modell...