The present investigation was undertaken to study the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the essential oils (palmarosa, citronella, lemongrass and vetiver) and monoterpenoids (citral and geraniol) in human lymphocytes. Trypan blue dye exclusion and MTT test was used to evaluate cytotoxicity. The genotoxicity studies were carried out by comet and DNA diffusion assays. Apoptosis was confirmed b...

The pH 6.7 Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell morphological transformation assay is a short-term in vitro test that has been used to predict rodent carcinogenicity. Previous reports have indicated that the SHE assay has an overall concordance of approximately 80% with the 2 year rodent bioassay. We selected five compounds, genistein, metaproterenol, rotenone, p-anisidine and resorcinol, that had ...

Untoward reactions to cosmetics, toiletries, and topical applications are the commonest single reason for hospital referrals with allergic contact dermatitis. In most cases, these are only mild or transient and most reactions being irritant rather than allergic in nature. Various adverse effects may occur in the form of acute toxicity, percutaneous absorption, skin irritation, eye irritation, s...

AIM To evaluate the potential toxicological implications of BisGMA on murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. METHODOLOGY Lactate dehydrogenase release, flow cytometry, Western blot and fluorometric assays were used to detect cell viability, mode of cell death and caspase activities, respectively. In addition, alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assays we...

AIM To evaluate the effect of esculin, a plant coumarin glucoside, on free radicals and against epirubicin-induced toxicity on bone marrow cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant activity was assessed by a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence method or NBT test in a xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, and two iron-dependent lipid peroxidation systems. In vivo experiments were carried out in epi...

The comet assay is widely used to test the genotoxicity of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) but outcomes may vary when results from different laboratories, or even within one laboratory, are compared. We address some basic methodological considerations, such as the importance of carrying out physico-chemical characterisation of the ENMs in test-medium, performing uptake and cytotoxicity tests, a...

Genotoxicity in cells may occur in different ways, direct interaction, production of electrophilic metabolites, and secondary genotoxicity via oxidative stress. Chloroform, dichloromethane, and toluene are primarily metabolized in liver by CYP2E1, producing reactive electrophilic metabolites, and may also produce oxidative stress via the uncoupled CYP2E1 catalytic cycle. Additionally, GSTT1 als...

The present investigation was directed to study the possible protective activity of quercetin-a natural antioxidant against dimethoate-induced cyto- and genotoxicity in meristematic cells of Allium sativum. So far there is no report on the biological properties of quercetin in plant test systems. Chromosome breaks, multipolar anaphase, stick chromosome, and mitotic activity were undertaken in t...

At the International Workshop on Genotoxicity Test Procedures (IWGTP) held in Washington, DC (March 25-26, 1999), a working group considered the uses of DNA adduct determination methods for testing compounds for genotoxicity. When a drug or chemical displays an unusual or inconsistent combination of positive and negative results in in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assays and/or in carcinogenic...