We aimed to quantify the ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739) genetic variants in elite rugby athletes (rugby union and league) and compare genotype frequencies to controls and between playing positions. The rugby athlete cohort consisted of 507 Caucasian men, including 431 rugby union athletes that for some analyses were divided into backs and forwards and into specific positional groups: front...

Interferon lambda 4 protein can be generated in IFNL4-ΔG carriers but not IFNL4-TT homozygotes. We studied 890 anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Among blacks (n = 555), HCV was more often cleared for those with genotype IFNL4-TT/TT (32.6%; odds ratio [OR], 3.59; P = 3.3 × 10(-5)) than IFNL4-TT/ΔG (11.3%; OR, 0.95; P = .86) or IFNL4-ΔG/ΔG (1...

Maternally inherited Wolbachia (α-Proteobacteria) are widespread parasitic reproductive manipulators. A growing number of studies have described the presence of different Wolbachia strains within a same host. To date, no naturally occurring multiple infections have been recorded in terrestrial isopods. This is true for Armadillidium vulgare which is known to harbor non simultaneously three Wolb...

Three tributaries of the Grand River watershed (Ontario, Canada), each representing different watershed types (urban, agricultural/rural, and mixed land-use) were examined to understand the spatial, temporal, and host-source distribution of the waterborne pathogen, Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium was frequently found throughout the study (73%, 65/89) with occurrence and concentrations observed...

OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of tacrolimus in adult kidney transplant recipients, to use this model to compare cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) genotype-based initial dosing of tacrolimus with standard per-kilogram-based dosing, and to predict the best starting dose of tacrolimus based on patient genotype to achieve a trough concentration betw...

Prevalence of CCR5Δ32 among blood samples of more than 400 healthy and HIV-1-infected people was investigated in Iran. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) following DNA extraction was used. Desired frequency was analyzed by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) analysis and SPSS 16.0 software to harvest the results. The prevalence of CCRΔ32 heterozygote genotype was 3% in healthy people and 0.7% in HIV-...

With the recent advent of high-throughput genotyping techniques, genetic data for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become increasingly available, which entails the development of efficient and effective statistical approaches. Although many such approaches have been developed and used to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with complex traits or diseas...

CONTEXT A polymorphism of the GH receptor (GHR) gene resulting in genomic deletion of exon 3 (GHR-d3) has been associated with responsiveness to GH therapy. However, the data reported so far do vary according to the underlying condition, replacement dose, and duration of the treatment. OBJECTIVE, DESIGN: The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the GHR genotypes in terms of the initia...

The presence of the PvuII or the XbaI polymorphism in the estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1, 6q25) has been related to breast cancer risk; however, results are not fully consistent. To further elucidate this relation, we examined these polymorphisms in relation with mammographic density, a measure of dense tissue in the breast, which is strongly associated with breast cancer risk. For this stu...