A three-dimensional (3D) tongue model has been developed using MR images of a reference subject producing 44 artificially sustained Swedish articulations. Based on the difference in tongue shape between the articulations and a reference, the six linear parameters jaw height, tongue body, tongue dorsum, tongue tip, tongue advance and tongue width were determined using an ordered linear factor an...

In traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo medicine), tongue color is important in discerning a patient's constitution and medical conditions. However, tongue color diagnosis is susceptible to the subjective factors of the observer. To investigate factors involved in tongue color diagnosis, both color discrimination and tongue color diagnosis were researched in 68 Kampo medical practitioners. Colo...

The present study reports the anthro-pogenetic traits such as tongue rolling and tongue folding of the Table 1: Distribution of tongue rolling and tongue folding the among Vannekula Kshatriya of Andhra Pradesh Character Male Female Total (125) (90) (215)

The aim of this study was to investigate the dorsal surface of the long-eared hedgehog tongue using scanning electron microscopy. The tongue of the long-eared hedgehog is rectangular-shaped with an elongated body and a widened root and a marked deep median groove can be seen on its dorsal surface. A characteristic feature of the lingual root is presence of two huge laterally situated folds. The...

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes one of the most common cancers with a wide geographic distribution. Its incidence in India is rated as one among the highest in the world. Though the use of tobacco in various forms is widely accepted to be the major etiologic factor in OSCC, Human Papilloma Viruses (HPVs) are now being increasingly associated with the cause of OSCC. Incidence of ...

High-volume horizontal hydraulic fracturing (HVHHF) for mining natural gas from the Marcellus and Utica shales is widespread in Pennsylvania and potentially throughout approximately 280,000 km(2) of the Appalachian Basin. Physical and chemical impacts of HVHHF include pollution by toxic synthetic chemicals, salt, and radionuclides, landscape fragmentation by wellpads, pipelines, and roads, alte...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Epidemiological studies have established a wide variation in the prevalence of oral lesions in different population. Officially oral mucosa diseases can occur in 25-50% of cases, depending on the population to which the survey was conducted. We examined the relationship between oral mucosal lesions, tongue pH level, gingivitis, oral hygiene, and oral health behaviors in stud...

The tongue is a critical element of the feeding system in tetrapod animals for their successful adaptation to terrestrial life. Whereas the oral part of the mammalian tongue contains soft tissues only, the avian tongue has an internal skeleton extending to the anterior tip. The mechanisms underlying the evolutionary divergence in tongue skeleton formation are completely unknown. We show here th...

BACKGROUND The effects of tongue cleaning on reconstruction of bacterial flora in dental plaque and tongue coating itself are obscure. We assessed changes in the amounts of total bacteria as well as Fusobacterium nucleatum in tongue coating and dental plaque specimens obtained with and without tongue cleaning. METHODS We conducted a randomized examiner-blind crossover study using 30 volunteer...

BACKGROUND In the recent hyper-aged societies of developed countries, the market for soft diets for patients with dysphagia has been growing and numerous jelly-type foods have become available. However, interrelationships between the biomechanics of oral strategies and jelly texture remain unclear. The present study investigated the influence of the initial consistency of jelly on tongue motor ...