The order Rodentia contains half of all extant mammal species, and from an evolutionary standpoint, there are persistent controversies surrounding the monophyly of the order, divergence dates for major lineages, and relationships among families. Exons of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and breast cancer susceptibility (BRCA1) genes were sequenced for a wide diversity of rodents and other mammals ...

To gain insight into the pathways by which caloric restriction (CR) slows aging, gene expression levels were assessed for each of 2,352 genes in the livers of 9-month-old CR and control mice. A total of 352 genes were found to be significantly increased or decreased by CR. The distribution of affected genes among functional classes was similar to the distribution of genes within the test set. S...

The abundance of surface GH receptor (GHR) is an important determinant of cellular GH sensitivity and is regulated at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. In previous studies of GHR-expressing Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-deficient human fibrosarcoma cells (gamma2A-GHR), we demonstrated that stable transfection with JAK2 resulted in increased steady-state levels of mature GHR (endoH-re...

GH participates in growth, metabolism, and cellular differentiation. To study these roles, we previously generated two different dwarf mouse lines, one expressing a GH antagonist (GHA) and the other having a disrupted GH receptor and binding protein gene (GHR -/-). In this study we compared the two dwarf lines in the same genetic background (C57BL/6J). One of the most striking differences betwe...

Thyroid hormones are required for the normal development of skeletal muscle in utero, although their mechanism of action is poorly understood. The present study examined the effects of the thyroid hormones on the gene expression of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) and the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) IGF-I and IGF-II, in skeletal muscle of fetal sheep during late gestation (term 145 +/- ...

Abstract Background The mechanism of body growth in mammals is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the regulatory networks involved through transcriptomic analysis pituitary and epiphyseal tissues smaller sized Debao ponies Mongolian horses at juvenile adult stages. Results We found that hormone receptor ( GHR ) was expressed low levels long bones, although g rowth GH highly compared with ...

Endocytosis of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) requires an active ubiquitin-conjugation system. In addition, it depends on a 10 amino acid residues motif in the GHR-cytoplasmic tail, the ubiquitin dependent-endocytosis or UbE-motif. To gain insight into the role of ubiquitination in the early steps of endocytosis, we performed an ultrastructural analysis of GH-uptake in Chinese hamster cells ...

Ghrelin receptor (Ghr-R) signaling in neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) can modulate dopaminergic function and the reward-related effects of both palatable foods and drugs of abuse. In this study, we re-introduced the Ghr-R in VTA neurons in Ghr-R knockout mice (Ghr-RVTA mice) to specifically study the importance of the constitutively active Ghr-R for VTA neuronal signaling. Our resul...

Children with cholestatic liver diseases, in particular biliary atresia, may develop an acquired growth hormone (GH) resistance. This is characterized by normal GH secretion, reduced liver GH receptor (GHR) abundance, and reduced circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Consequences include linear growth failure, reduced muscle mass, and increased perioperative morbidity and mortality....

The GH binding protein (GHBP), which exists in many vertebrates, is a circulating high affinity binding protein corresponding to the extracellular domain of the GH receptor (GHR). In humans, rabbits, and several other species, the GHBP is generated by proteolysis of the GHR and shedding of its extracellular domain. We previously showed that GHBP shedding is inducible by the phorbol ester phorbo...