In order to enhance bioactive functionalities of ginseng, an acid impregnation processing was applied as a pre-treatment in producing red ginseng. Acid impregnation studies were conducted, and acids (ascorbic, malic, and citric acid) were selected. The optimal concentration of each acid was investigated in this study in terms of ginsenoside contents. The most concerned ginsenoside, Rg3 was incr...

Ginsenosides play a role in a number of physiological and pharmacological functions in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to clarify the potential role for transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) channels in ginsenoside Rg3-inhibited growth and survival of AGS cells, the most common human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line. The AGS cells were treated with varying conc...

A 70% methanol extract from red ginseng (steamed and dried roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, a kind of Ginseng Radix) had superior activity to that of white ginseng (peeled and dried root of P. ginseng, another kind of Ginseng Radix) in a hair growth promoting assay using mouse vibrissal follicles in organ culture. Of the major constituents of P. ginseng, ginsenoside-Rb1 (G-Rb1) exhibited act...

Ginsenoside Rg3 has been demonstrated to inhibit tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis. However, its effect on liver tumors when administered via the hepatic artery has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of hepatic artery administration of Rg3 combined with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in the treatment of liver tumors. A tota...

The pharmacological modulatory effects of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (20S-Rg3) on multidrug resistant cancer cells are reported in the present study. The effects of 20(S)-Rg3 on the modulation of doxorubicin (DOX) and vincristine (VCR) resistance were examined in the HL60 multidrug resistant subline of human acute myeloid leukemia cells. Results demonstrated that 20S-Rg3 is as effective as verapamil...

MGB-20 findings show that the ginseng berry extracts that had been processed with microwave and vinegar for 20 min peaked in the level of ginsenoside Rg2 (2.28%) and Rh1 (1.28%). MGB-1 peaked in the level of ginsenoside Rg3 (1.13%) in the ginseng berry extract processed with microwave and vinegar for 1 min.

20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (20(R)-Rg3) has shown multiple pharmacological activities and been considered as one of the most promising approaches for fatigue treatment. However, 20(R)-Rg3 has a low bioavailability after oral administration in human due to the first-pass effect. Recently, nasal route has gained increasing interest as it can avoid first-pass effect for its lower enzymatic activity comp...

PURPOSE Acquired resistance is a bottleneck that restricts the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) for lung cancer. Ginsenoside Rg3 is an antiangiogenic agent which can down-regulate the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and EGFR. Combination of EGFR-TKI and ginsenoside Rg3 may be a promising strategy to delay acquired resista...

BACKGROUND This study evaluated changes in ginsenoside compositions and antioxidant activities in hydroponic-cultured ginseng roots (HGR) and leaves (HGL) with heating temperature. METHODS Heat treatment was performed at temperatures of 90°C, 110°C, 130°C, and 150°C for 2 hours. RESULTS The ginsenoside content varied significantly with heating temperature. The levels of ginsenosides Rg1 and...

A line of evidence has shown that ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) could be one of bioactive ligands in brain Na+ channel regulations. Rg3 exists as stereoisomer of 20(R)- or 20(S)-form. Rg3 consists of three different parts; steroid- like backbone structure, carbohydrate portion, and aliphatic side chain [-CH2CH2CH=C(CH3)2], which is coupled to the carbon-20 of backbone structure. In the previous report,...