The rise of state dissidence has challenged the hegemony of Western liberalism on the international relations stage. Russia’s ongoing involvement in the Ukraine crisis is a case in point. Russia’s dissidence threatens not only the already fragile European order, but also the potency of liberalism as a system of international norms. Hence, a great deal of attention has been given to trying to de...

The article takes for granted the conclusions of natural sciences about climate change. It rather examines how politicians react to challenges global warming. assumes that high cost fighting change creates comparative advantages and real gains countries opt ignore problem. This powerful incentives focus on short-term from defecting instead long-term risks. Therefore, are confronted with a priso...