The classic problem of free riding arises when nations act to curtail emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other potential greenhouse gases. When damages from emissions are global rather than local, countries that do not participate in policies directed at reducing global climate change receive the benefits of other countries’ actions without incurring the costs. Past research and game-theoret...

In this research, the DCC model is estimated to calculate dynamic correlation series between crude oil price and growth of Industry and Mine sector during 1367:1-1392:4. Then, Macroeconomic variables which can explain the dynamic correlation are analyzed as variables of contagion. So, the import, as an effective and affected variable from crude oil price, is separated to real import of consumpt...

Using a center of gravity model and GIS software, we measured how China’s energy production and consumption centers changed (positions, movements, distances, and rates) from 1997 to 2009, thereby revealing regional differences in the relationship between supply and demand. We found that the centers of gravity for raw coal consumption, crude oil production and consumption, and electricity produc...

Electric motors are the largest consumer of world electric energy, consuming more than twice as much as lighting, the next largest consumer. Electric motors account for between 43 and 46% of all global electricity consumption approximately. They give rise to about 6 040 Mt of CO2 emissions. End‐users approximately spend USD 565 billion per year on electricity [1]. In recent years...

on 171 cases, Fernandez-Jarne et al. 1 reported an inverse association between olive oil consumption and the risk of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI); the multivariate odds ratio (OR) was 0.18 for patients in the upper quintile of consumption, having a median intake of 54 g/day. The issue is, however, still open to discussion. An inverse association between olive oil and coronary hea...

The classic problem of free riding arises when nations act to curtail emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other potential greenhouse gases. When damages from emissions are global rather than local, countries that do not participate in policies directed at reducing global climate change receive the benefits of other countries’ actions without incurring the costs. Past research and game-theoret...

The mechanisms by which n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) decrease colon tumor formation have not been fully elucidated. Examination of genes upor down-regulated at various stages of tumor development via the monitoring of gene expression relationships will help to determine the biological processes ultimately responsible for the protective effects of n-3 PUFA. Therefore, using a 3 2 2 fa...