Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced bone loss is the most common cause of secondary osteoporosis but its pathogenesis is controversial. GCs clearly suppress bone formation in vivo but the means by which they impact osteoblasts is unclear. Because bone remodeling is characterized by tethering of the activities of the two cells, the osteoclast is a potential modulator of the effect of GCs on osteoblasts....

Glucocorticoids are widely used in the therapy of inflammatory, autoimmune, and allergic diseases. As the end-effectors of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, endogenous glucocorticoids also play an important role in suppressing innate and cellular immune responses. Previous studies have indicated that glucocorticoids inhibit Th1 and enhance Th2 cytokine secretion. IL-12 promotes Th1 cell-...

Asthma isa major health problem and their incidence is increasingand represent a recognized cause of morbidity and mortality. Glucocorticoids are the most effective drugs for asthma. Glucocorticoids suppress inflammation by several mechanisms. Its principal action at therapeutic doses is due to trans-repression of activated inflammatory genes, by the recruitment of the enzyme histone desacetyla...

The oncogene c-maf is frequently overexpressed in multiple myeloma cell lines and patient samples and contributes to increased cellular proliferation in part by inducing cyclin D2 expression. To identify regulators of c-maf, we developed a chemical screen in NIH3T3 cells stably overexpressing c-maf and the cyclin D2 promoter driving luciferase. From a screen of 2400 off-patent drugs and chemica...

Prenatal stress (PS) and maternal exposure to exogenous glucocorticoids can lead to permanent modification of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function and stress-related behaviour. Both of these manipulations lead to increased fetal exposure to glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids are essential for many aspects of normal brain development, but exposure of the fetal brain to an excess of glucoco...

Susac syndrome (SS) or retino-cochleo-cerebral vasculopathy is an extremely rare, severe, and potentially disabling condition. Underlying occlusive microangiopathy in SS clinically characterized by the triad of encephalopathy, sensorineural hearing loss branch retinal arterial occlusion. therapy envisages simultaneous use high doses glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulins, cyclophosphamide...

Glucocorticoids are often used as immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory therapy in various medical conditions. In addition to providing clinical benefits, glucocorticoids have side effects, one of which is related steroid-induced diabetes mellitus (SIDM). Steroid-induced can be a new onset or an exacerbation hyperglycemia patients who previously been diagnosed with DM. Acute chronic due stero...

Glucocorticoids are the first-line treatment for active moderate-to-severe and sight-threatening Graves’ orbitopathy. Glucocorticoid therapy, by exerting antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, reduces pain, injection and edema of orbital tissues and provides a substantial relief from optic nerve compression. Although efficiency of both oral and intravenous glucocorticoids is proven, the...

OBJECTIVE Glucocorticoid excess decreases bone mineralization and microarchitecture and leads to reduced bone strength. Both anabolic (parathyroid hormone [PTH]) and antiresorptive agents are used to prevent and treat glucocorticoid-induced bone loss, yet these bone-active agents alter bone turnover by very different mechanisms. This study was undertaken to determine how PTH and risedronate alt...